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GIFT   OF 

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AHP   5   1912 


Glimpses    of    New    York 


Glimpses  of  New  York 


An  Illustrated  Handbook  of  the  City, 
together  with  Notes  on  the  Electric 
Industry  therein  and  thereabout 


.  . 


• 

• 


Compiled  and   Edited  by 

The   New  York   Edison   Company 
n 


.-> 


Copyright,    1911,    by 
The   New  York  Edison   Company 


, 


'    '    '    .- 
.    <        <    ', 

.  i 

< 


,  •    . 
i 


To  the  members  of  the  National  Electric  Light 
Association,  in  convention  assembled,  May  30,  1911, 
this  little  Edison  Baedeker  of  New  York  is  respect- 
fully dedicated. 

In  it,  we  shall  try  to  show  you  our  city — to  us 
the  most  fascinating  in  the  world.  We  love  its  sky- 
scrapers and  its  tenements,  its  high  finance  and  its 
subways,  its  fitful  strivings  after  the  good  and  the 
beautiful.  The  Great  White  Way  and  the  little 
side  streets,  the  polyglot  speech  of  new  peoples  that 
throng  our  streets;  splendor,  squalor,  commercial- 
ism, humanity,  these  are  all  New  York. 

And  if  in  showing  you  our  city,  we  can't  help 
seeing  electricity  as  the  motive  power  of  it  all,  you 
must  pardon  us;  wre  are  personally  prejudiced. 


251713 


• 


Liberty    Enlightening   the   World 

Free-handed,  our  Sister  Nation,  France,  gave  her 
to  America  in  eighteen  hundred  and  eighty-six. 

But  strange  it  was,  that  when  the  gift  arrived, 
no  thought  had  been  given  to  the  receiving  of  it, 
and  only  through  the  prompt  action  of  one  of  the 
city's  patriotic  newspapers,  was  the  country  finally 
awakened  to  its  responsibility. 

So,  after  twelve  years  of  preparation,  this  colos- 
sal statue,  conceived  and  designed  by  Monsieur 
Bartholdi,  wTas  unveiled  on  Bedloe's  Island  in  the 
Harbor  of  New  York. 

Made  of  copper  and  steel,  it  weighs  two  hundred 
and  twenty-five  tons  and  reaches  up  over  three  hun- 
dred feet,  to  where  the  hand  holds  a  powerful  elec- 
tric torch.  Battered  by  many  a  hundred  storms,  she 
has  stood  at  the  foot  of  the  bay  for  more  than 
twenty  years — and  still  is  unafraid !  She  is  watch- 
ing, guarding  new  Children  of  the  Republic  as  they 
come  in  from  overseas. 


The  North  River  water  front 


•,•->•>       11 


From  the  Jersey  Shore 


. 
'  . 


The  Singer  Building  towering  over  lower  New  York 


> 


-«**^  *     --- 


Up-to\vn"from  the  Jersey  Shore.      Times  Tower  and  the  Metropolitan 

are  the  highest  peaks 


C        <          '        '  '        i 

'     •  '   •    , 

•     '      »   «    .     > . 


Singer  and  City  Investment  Buildings  from  the  East  River 


Three  East  River   Bridges 


Ellis    Island 

Pause  for  a  space,  and  watch  the  fascinating  sight 
of  a  nation  growing  at  the  rate  of  three  thousand 
people  a  day! 

On  this  small  island,  are  gathered  up  the  threads 
of  many-tongued  humanity,  from  all  the  far  cor- 
ners of  the  Earth. 

It  is  the  melting-pot  of  the  Republic ;  where  every 
possible  ingredient  is  fused  into  the  larger  metal  of 
an  American  Citizen. 

Pathos  and  Laughter,  Sorrow  and  Gay  Inconse- 
quence, go  trustfully  together,  seeking,  with  up- 
turned faces,  a  new  home,  under  the  protecting  arm 
of  the  great  figure  of  Liberty. 


\ 


Governors    Island 

Governors  Island  is  one  of  the  least  known  spots 
in  the  vicinity  of  New  York.  Having  been  for  up- 
wards of  a  century  a  military  post,  promiscuous  vis- 
iting has  not  been  encouraged  and  as  a  consequence 
few  people  are  familiar  with  this  beautiful  Island, 
low  lying  just  inside  the  gateway  of  our  harbor. 

The  Island  was  ceded  by  the  State  of  New  York 
to  the  United  States  Government  on  condition  that 
it  be  always  kept  as  a  military  post.  The  exact  date 
of  this  cession  is  somewhat  clouded,  but  it  was  very 
early  in  the  history  of  the  republic,  for  there  is  a 
record  of  the  building  of  a  rally  port  and  fort  prior 
to  1800.  This  was  named  and  is  still  called  Fort 
Jay,  after  that  patriotic  American  statesman  who 
was  the  first  chief  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of 
the  United  States. 


TO 


Today  the  Island  is  used  as  headquarters  for  the 
Atlantic  Division  of  the  United  States  Army  and  of 
the  Department  of  the  East.  In  addition  to  the 
officers  and  their  families,  who  live  permanently 
there,  it  is  occupied  by  four  army  companies  and  a 
military  band,  the  total  population  averaging  some- 
thing like  400,  exclusive  of  the  military  prisoners 
who  are  confined  in  Castle  William,  the  old-fash- 
ioned round-tower  fortress  at  the  northwest  corner 
of  the  Island.  The  number  of  these  prisoners  va- 
ries; at  present  there  are  about  three  hundred. 

Strange  as  it  may  seem,  this  community  with  its 
captains  and  colonels  and  generals,  its  pretty  villa 
houses,  its  many  public  buildings  and  barracks, 
lying  almost  within  a  stone's  throw  of  the  great 
metropolis  of  America  in  the  Twentieth  Century, 
up  till  a  few  months  ago  was  compelled  to  rely  for 
its  artificial  illumination  entirely  upon  the  old-fash- 
ioned kerosene  lamp.  When  General  Chafree  wTas 
in  the  Philippines  he  found  the  military  posts  there 
lighted  by  electricity.  Upon  his  return  the  contrast 
between  the  archaic  kerosene  lighting  of  Governors 
Island  and  the  up-to-date  methods  in  the  antipodes 
struck  him  as  so  different  from  what  might  reason- 
ably be  expected  as  to  be  actually  ridiculous. 

The  results  of  an  investigation  then  set  on  foot 
by  the  General  was  a  contract  made  by  the  United 
States  Government  with  the  Brooklyn  Edison  Com- 
pany to  supply  the  Island.  All  of  the  buildings  as 
well  as  the  streets  are  now  lighted  by  electricity. 


ii 


South    Street 


"See  the  shaking  funnels  roar,  with  the  Peter  at  the  fore, 
And  the  fenders  grind  and  heave, 

And  the  derricks  clack  and  grate,  as  the  tackle  hooks  the  crate. 
And  the  fall-rope  whines  through  the  sheave!" 

-Where  ships  from  all  the  seas  come  in ! 

Vagrant  wind-jammers,  from 
up  and  down  the  coast ;  high- 
sided  whalers ;  tousled  tramps, 
just  in  from  'round  the  Horn, 
lie  side  by  side  along  the 
wharves.  '"The  aristocrats  of 
the  high-seas  find  their  sleek 
sides  under  old  and  battered 
bowsprits. 

Donkey-engines  stutter  and 
pant  under  cover  of  white- 
plumed  steam-jets;  hoarse 
voices  call  and  answer  in 
strange  tongues;  reef-points 
patter  on  taut-hung  canvas, 
and  a  boatswain's  whistle  pipes 
shrill  above  the  tumult! 

There  is  an  ineffable  smell  of 
tar  and  new  paint;  of  sun- 
warmed  varnish,  and  crusted 
sea-salt,  hanging  over  these 
wanderers  from  many  a  distant 
harbour-bar,  across  ten  thou- 
sand leagues  of  open  sea. 


12 


. 


. 


>  »  1 


Battery    Park 


While  America  may  not  yet  be  a  nation  of  ruins, 
as  some  of  her  brethren  across  the  water  complain, 
still,  the  places  which  hold  memories  of  her  early 
history,  are  not  among  those  which  can  easily  be 
forgotten.  Conspicuous,  around  the  little  park  of 
Bowling  Green,  which  may  truly  be  called  the  cra- 
dle of  the  present  tremendous  city,  is  the  "  Custom 
House  of  the  Port  of  New  York,"  where  three 
quarters  of  the  duties  of  the  country  are  collected ; 
the  United  States  Barge  Office  and  the  Aquarium. 

In  this  ancient  building,  which  echoed  to  the 
songs  of  Jenny  Lind  on  her  first  appearance  in 
America,  may  now  be  seen,  some  of  the  strangest 
and  rarest  denizens  of  the  deep,  gathered  out  of 
many  seas. 

From  the  vexed  Bermudas,  have  been  brought  the 
parrot-fish,  with  its  strange  shape  and  startling  col- 


'^m 


ors;  from  other  waters,  sea-cows  and  sea-elephants, 
trumpet-fish  and  splashing  seals.  The  creatures  of 
the  deeps  are  laid  before  one,  from  giant,  green- 
backed  turtles  to  delicate,  palpitating  sea  anemones, 
which  close  and  fade  at  a  passing  shadow. 


Fraunces    Tavern 

Since  Nineteen  hundred  and  four,  nearly  two 
hundred  years  after  it  had  been  built  for  the  home 
of  some  of  the  great  Dutch  families,  the  Sons  of 
the  Revolution  have  shielded  this  relic  of  Colonial 
New  York  from  the  ruthless  hand  of  progress. 

In  Seventeen  hundred  and  sixty-two,  it  met  what 

no  doubt  was  then  called  its  downfall,  for  swarthy 

Sam  Fraunces,  newly  arrived  from  the  West  Indies, 

opened   it  under  the   Sign   of  Queen   Charlotte,   as 

The  Queen's  Head  Tavern." 

15 


Like  many  human  catastrophies,  this  sliding 
downward  in  its  social  scale,  finally  raised  the  build- 
ing to  the  pinnacle  of  fame  and  proved  its  passport 
through  the  ages,  to  stand,  safeguarded  and  beloved, 
as  long  as  one  stone  may  rest  upon  another.  There 
in  the  Long  Room,  on  the  second  floor,  the  seeds 
of  Liberty  sprouted  when  the  famous  Stamp  Act 
first  heard  itself  speak,  and  there  also,  no  doubt,  the 
greatest  of  all  'Tea  Parties"  and  its  bearings  was 
discussed. 

Early  in  December,  Seventeen  hundred  and 
eighty-three  a  traveler  on  horseback  splashed  up  the 
muddy  street  to  the  Tavern  door.  He  had  ordered 
dinner  for  '  one  hundred  Generals,  and  Men  of 
Distinction  "  who  had  given  him  eight  years  of  most 
devoted  and  desperate  service. 

His  name  was  George  Washington,  and  the  elo- 
quence of  his  Farewell  Address  that  evening  to  his 
Officers,  left  no  one  able  to  speak,  and  they  parted 
in  silence. 

" — With  a  heart  full  of  love  and  gratitude,  I 
now  take  leave  of  you." 

The  toast  of  the  evening,  given  for  the  first  time 
in  History  was  those  five  magic  words  which  today 
cause  nearly  one  hundred  million  hearts  to  throb 
wherever  they  may  hear  it,  '  The  United  States  of 
America !  " 


16 


/'         •*       s*~ 
*&**&&-*.' *Sj 


Curb    Exchange 

"Fifty-nine  on  a  hundred  gold!  Fifty-nine  on 
a  • 

Taken  !     Close  that  up  Jimmy — quick !  ' 

And,  waving  at  a  window  across  the  street, 
Jimmy  lifts  a  hoarse  cry  above  the  tumult,  while 
his  fingers  flash  a  few  quick  signals.  The  deal  is 
closed !  Five  hundred  shares  have  been  sold  '  on 
the  New  York  curb  "  and  bought  in  the  same  man- 
ner and  at  almost  the  same  time  in  Boston,  three 
hundred  miles  away. 

Every  day,  from  ten  to  three,  about  two  hundred 
yards  of  Broad  Street  is  jammed  \vith  an  excited 
multitude,  buying  and  selling  unlisted  securities. 

Over  the  office  windows  there  are  sign-boards, 
mounted  with  a  row  of  electric  bulbs,  and  under 
each  of  these,  a  number  represents  some  salesman 
on  the  curb.  Delays  are  so  costly  that  the  differ- 
ent firms  have  taken  this  positive  method  of  sig- 
nalling members  of  their  staff. 

Years  ago,  bids  were  written  on  sheets  of  paper 
and  thrown  down  to  the  salesman  from  the  office 
windows.  But  now,  during  a  modern  flurry,  such 
a  method  becomes  impossible,  as  the  street  is  often 
lost  in  a  chaos  of  waving  arms  and  howling  voices. 

For  this  reason,  the  deaf  and  dumb  alphabet  has 
come  to  hold  such  complete  sway  that  one  may  see 
a  transaction  involving  thousands  of  dollars  made 
and  closed,  simply  on  the  crook  of  a  finger. 


20 


Stock    Exchange 

Viewing  the  floor  of  the  Stock  Exchange  from 
the  visitors'  gallery,  it  is  sometimes  difficult  to  im- 
agine, that  there  must  be  method  in  the  mad  tur- 
moil below.  Some  six  or  seven  hundred  men,  are 
wildly  waving,  in  a  frenzy  to  make  themselves 
heard. 

'  One  thousand  steel,  one  eighth ! — five  thou- 
sand, one  fourth-  Hats  are  knocked  off; 
clothes  disheveled,  and  still  the  strange  calls  and 
gestures  continue,  as  white  numbers  appear  and  dis- 
appear on  a  huge  blackboard.  At  times,  the  like- 
ness of  it  all,  to  the  antics  of  certain  occupants  in 
the  zoo,  becomes  so  striking  as  almost  to  arouse 
laughter. 

Yet,  when  it  is  realized,  that  many  of  these  same 
gestures,  involve  millions  of  dollars,  a  new  respect 
is  created  for  a  body  of  men,  whose  integrity  is  so 
high,  that  dealings  of  such  magnitude  may  be  done 
on  honor  alone. 

The  privilege  of  doing  business  upon  the  floor  of 
this  building,  which  is  a  model  one  for  its  purpose, 
is  valued  at  nearly  one  hundred  thousand  dollars. 

In  the  lunch  room  upstairs,  sometimes  planning 
a  new  campaign  with  their  brokers,  while  eating  a 
frugal  meal,  may  be  seen  those  giants  of  the  Ex- 
change, whose  operations  in  the  market  are  of  such 
magnitude  as  to  make  them  always  of  interest  to 
the  whole  financial  world. 


21 


22 


Wall     Street 

To  many,  Wall  Street  is  but  a  name — and  not 
one  to  conjure  with  at  that.  However,  if  one  will 
but  review  its  stirring  history  and  people  it,  in 
imagination,  with  the  figures  of  men  who  have 
loomed  colossal  in  the  annals  of  world-wide  Fi- 
nance, this  short,  narrow  canyon,  holds  more  of 
interest  than  perhaps  any  other  street  on  the  face  of 
the  globe. 

Stand,  for  a  moment,  on  the  steps  of  the  Sub- 
Treasury,  and  let  the  thrill  and  excitement  of  this, 
the  richest  and  most  powerful  section  of  the  world, 
creep  into  you,  as  the  great  loom  of  Wall  Street 
stirs  under  its  shuttle  of  hurrying  messenger  boys. 

At  every  moment,  fortunes  are  being  made  and 
lost,  on  this  financial  battleground,  where  all  the 
panics  that  have  rocked  the  nation,  have  been  met 
and  overcome. 

Yet,  it  is  but  one  hundred  and  twenty  years  since 
the  historic  figure  of  Washington  stood  here  while 
he  proclaimed  the  first  establishment  of  our  gov- 
ernment. 

The  Sub-Treasury  itself,  holds  one  in  amazement 
at  the  marvelous  accuracy  of  hand  and  eye  through- 
out all  the  intricate  processes  of  counting  and  stor- 
ing the  coin  of  the  realm.  And  outside,  trucks  filled 
with  gold  and  silver  ingots,  arrive  with  so  much  un- 
concern, that  one  can  hardly  realize  that  this  is  the 
shimmering  metal,  for  which  men  have  fought  and 
died  since  the  Beginning  of  the  Ages. 


Singer    Building 

At  different  times  in  history  treasures  have  been 
amassed,  and  always  the  methods  of  safeguarding 
them  have  been  devious  and  intricate.  But  the  days 
of  the  Pharaohs  or  Caesars  are  not  those  of  hurry- 
ins;  New  York. 

^3 

The  modern  treasure  —  almost  beyond  man's 
counting — is  also  placed  far  underground, — but  in 
two  steel  vaults,  which  cost  t\vo  hundred  thousand 
dollars,  and  are  today  the  strongest  ever  built! 

The  rusty  key  or  secret  counter-weight  has  been 
superseded  by  four  electric  timelocks,  each  acting 
independently  of  one  another  on  the  ponderous 
forty-thousand-pound  doors, — for  chance  may  not 
figure  in  guarding  the  entrance  to  where  has  lain 
five  hundred  million  dollars! 

Above  these  beautifully  fitted  vaults,  is  one  of  the 
most  modern  of  office  buildings.  Its  forty-eight 
electric  elevators  are  in  constant  telephonic  com- 
munication with  the  ground  floor,  besides  having 
their  position  always  indicated  by  means  of  an  elec- 
tric indicator-board  placed  in  front  of  the  "  starter." 

The  unusual  illumination  of  the  tower  at  night, 
which  has  made  it  famous,  is  accomplished  by 
twenty-nine  eighteen-inch  projectors,  besides  one  of 
thirty  inches,  the  duplicate  of  which  is  used  at 
Sandy  Hook,  and  is  capable  of  throwing  a  beam  of 
light  up  in  the  air  to  be  visible  for  sixty  miles. 

The  combined  illumination  from  these  projectors 
is  estimated  at  the  enormous  figure  of  three  and 
one-half  million  candle  power. 

25 


-  .*• 


World    Building 

Somebody  once  said  that  a  city  is  only  as  good 
as  its  newspapers,  and  while  this  may  be  far  from 
true,  certainly  no  one  will  deny  that  an  insight  into 
the  wrork  of  a  great  organization,  which  spends  a 
million  and  a  quarter  dollars  a  year,  gathering 
news,  is  inspiring  to  say  the  least. 

From  the  dome,  on  a  clear  day,  the  horizon 
stretches  away  twenty  miles  distant,  while  in  the 
near  foreground  stand  some  of  the  most  beautiful 
and  tremendous  monuments  of  engineering  skill  ever 
erected.  The  Metropolitan  Tower;  the  Brooklyn 
Bridge;  the  Singer  Building;  the  East  River  Bridge; 
the  Pennsylvania  Terminal. 

Throughout  the  fifteen  stories  below  the  dome, 
the  whirl  of  life  in  a  city  of  nearly  five  mil- 
lion inhabitants  is  being  recorded,  and  the  rushing, 
rumbling  sound  of  it  all  makes  the  building  seem 
like  a  thing  alive. 

Under  the  green-hued  glare  of  the  Cooper-Hew- 
itt lights  a  great  newspaper  is  forever  in  the  throes 
of  the  latest  edition, — printing  one  thousand  tons 
of  paper  a  week ! 

Tvvo  thousand  people  are  at  work — trying  to  do 
something  just  a  little  quicker  than  it  was  ever  done 
before. 

The  smoking,  pungent  atmosphere  of  the  photo- 
engraving rooms,  is  perpetually  agleam  with  the 
fitful  flicker  of  a  fifty  thousand  candle  power  print- 
ing-lamp ;  incessant,  the  rattling  clamor  of  fifty-six 
linotypes  fills  the  long  composing  room,  while  far 

27 


downstairs,  ponderous  electric  presses, — the  largest 
ever  built, — scream  and  sob  under  the  feverish  pres- 
sure of  nine  hundred  thousand  copies  an  hour. 

Everywhere,  there  is  convulsive  haste, — for  the 
latest  edition  is  going  out! 

Even  the  fierce  light  of  modern  science,  can  never 
pale  the  eternal  miracle  of  the  single  slender  wire, 
which  leads  the  power  five  miles,  to  turn  every  cog 
in  this  throbbing  activity  where  forty  thousand 
pounds  of  molten  metal  are  being  shaped  into  the 
living  stories  of  the  day,-  '  tales  of  the  bad,  the 
sad,  and  the  glad, — the  regular  quota  of  news"! 


The    Post    Office 

Only  a  short  span  of  one  hundred  years  lies  be- 
tween the  soap-box  nailed  to  a  tree,  on  the  edge 
of  the  clearing,  and  the  twenty  million  dollar  Post 
Office,  in  the  heart  of  the  greatest  metropolis  of  the 
Western  Hemisphere. 

But  it  is  a  far  call,  nevertheless,  from  the  dusty, 
galloping  pony-express,  to  the  soughing,  clanking 
gurgle  of  the  electricity-driven  pneumatic  tubes  that 
cany  the  mails  deep  under  the  city,  to  be  finally 
distributed  by  an  army  of  men,  among  the  homes 
of  the  present  generation. 

More  than  one  billion  pieces  of  mail  pass  through 
this  building  every  year,  so  that,  even  \vith  the  most 
up-to-date  mechanical  devices,  a  force  of  seven  thou- 
sand people  is  needed  to  handle  them  with  the  quick 
accuracy  which  modern  business  methods  demand. 

Night  and  day,  a  legion  of  gray-coated  men  are 
patrolling  the  streets,  making  thirty-two  separate 
collections  and  deliveries,  from  four  thousand  scat- 
tered letter-boxes. 

A  remarkable  sight  and  one  which  can  not  be  du- 
plicated, even  in  this  interesting  branch  of  Uncle 
Sam's  service,  is  that  of  sorting  the  mails.  For 
hours  at  a  time,  men  stand  before  serried  rows  of 
narro\v  pockets  and  with  a  deadly  accuracy,  born 
only  of  life-time  practice,  faster  almost  than  the  eye 
can  follow,  they  flick  letter  after  letter,  sometimes 
to  a  distance  of  twenty  feet,  into  the  exact  pouch, 
which  is  to  take  them  on  their  final  destination,— 
whether  Persia  or  West  Twenty-third  Street. 

29 


The  age  of  hand-canceled  letters  passed  away 
forever  when  an  electric  '  pick-up  table '  came 
into  being.  This  novel  machine  will  cancel  both 
"longs'  and  'shorts"  at  the  same  time. 

When  in  operation,  the  envelopes  fly  through  it 
in  two  unbroken  streams,  —  at  the  rate  of  seventy 
thousand  an  hour. 

Seventy  thousand  letters  an  hour — what  messages 
of  Hope  and  Grief,  of  Love  and  black  Despair,  flut- 
tering by,  swifter  even  than  the  thoughts  which 
wrote  them. 


1  •>  < 


>!. 


'•:<•  jV~:-:"      -          f, 

<'"*  *  fy 


I 


•  '•         'I  V 


..     ." 


Cherry  Street  Playground,  underneath  the  Brooklyn  Bridge 


I  ,  - 

-—  •-  • 


—- -~'    • 

,_ 

- 


'  I  : 


V 


TrfflBn'  i 

1 

9* 


Decayed   Gentility  Cherry   Hill 


Ye    Olde    Tavern 

Mayhap,  since  the  days  of  seventeen  hundred  and 
ninety-seven,  its  solid  oaken  fittings  with  the  copper 
nails,  have  acquired  a  darker  tinge,  and  the  row  of 
pewter  mugs  a  few  more  dents.  But,  call  for  a 
measure  of  musty  ale,  and  it  will  be  of  the  same 
quality  which  long  ago  caused  men  to  stir  in  their 
sleep  \vhen  the  driver  of  the  lurching  stage  called 
"Old  Tavern— First  Stop!" 

Dim,  inviting  corners,  are  tucked  a\vay  in  unex- 
pected places  and  from  some  of  these,  occasionally, 
comes  the  soft  rattle  of  shaken  dice. 

Overhead,  racks  of  long-stemmed,  church-warden 
pipes,  corn  tassels  and  bundles  of  flax,  help  to  cast 
misshapen  shadows  round  about.  Once  \vithin  its 
low-hung  doors,  and  the  busy  murmur  of  the  city 
dies  away — the  world  steps  back  a  hundred  years. 


Brooklyn    Bridge 

Hanging  one  hundred  and  thirty-five  feet  in  the 
air  from  its  stone  piers,  it  swings  out  over  the  river 
in  a  single  majestic  arc, — this  most  famous  suspen- 
sion bridge  in  the  world ! 

It  is  anchored  at  each  end  in  a  bed  of  thirty-five 
thousand  cubic  feet  of  solid  masonry,  and,  since 
eighteen  hundred  and  eighty-three,  when  it  was 
finally  completed  at  a  cost  of  fifteen  million  dol- 
lars, its  mile  and  one  eighth  of  steel  and  stone  has 
safely  borne  aloft  the  three  hundred  and  fifteen 
thousand  people  who  pass  over  it  every  day. 

A  network  of  transportation  lines  above  and  far 
below  the  river-bed,  bind  it  fast  to  earth,  seeming 
to  give  its  gray  aloofness  a  more  human  touch. 

At  night,  from  the  raised  promenade,  may  be 
seen  the  distant  vagueness  of  the  harbour,  the  great 
torch  of  the  Statue  of  Liberty  and  the  busy  ship- 
ping on  the  river.  And  nearer,  a  fairy  city,  tow- 
ered and  turreted,  stands  pricked  out  in  twinkling 
lights  against  the  dark. 


33 


34 


China    Town 

Very   different   it   is   now,    from   the   days   when 
Doyer   Street   was    a    black    tunnel,   which   led    off 
from    the    Bowery,    behind    a   single   dingy   gas-jet. 
For,     '  them   times   we   could   see   'em   comin'   in— 
but  they  couldn't  see  us!  ' 

True,  the  Joss-house  is  still  there,  under  its 
garish,  flaunting  posters  and  Hop  Wing's  chicken 
chow-mien,  with  yuen  sin  chi,  is  just  as  good  as  it 
was  ten  years  ago.  But  the  plain-clothes  squad, 
the  tong  feuds  and  the  marvel  of  the  incandescent 
bulb,  have  driven  the  old  order  of  things  to  the 
wall.  China-town  is  being  scattered  and  some  of  its 
people  are  taking  up  new  customs,  though  their 
hearts  will  never  change.  Always,  they  will  be  the 
same  inscrutable,  slant-eyed,  shuffling  men,  who  had 
an  art  and  a  religion  that  was  old,  three  thousand 
years  before  America  was  born. 

Yes,  the  old,  true  China-town  has  passed  away! 
Woo  Ling-soo  claims  that  it  went  with  the  last  of 
the  Coolie-houses  on  Donivan's  Lane — and  Woo 
Ling-soo  knowSj  for  he  still  carries  his  queue  hung 
down  his  back  and  is  one  of  the  only  three  men  in 
the  city  today,  wrho  can  tell  of  Donivan's  Lane. 

Donivan's  Lane,  of  devious  ways  and  many  turn- 
ings ;  of  hidden  doors  behind  steep  and  crooked 
stairs, — the  narrow  rookerie-bordered  path  that  once 
upon  a  time  was  known  to  open  into  Mott  Street. 


35 


The    Bowery 

Men  and  boys,  women  and  girls, — afloat,  drift- 
ing to  and  fro,  on  the  dark  tide  of  the  city's  under- 
tow. Every  nation  yields  its  flotsam,  with  the 
argot  and  the  cant  phrase  from  its  streets.  And 
under  the  hard  lights,  gape  the  ports  of  the  dere- 
licts,— pawn-shops,  saloons  and  lodging-houses,  dime 
theatres  and  more  saloons. 

The  dreary,  tuneless  jangle  from  a  dance  hall  is 
drowned  for  a  moment  in  the  thundering  roar  of  a 
passing  elevated,  and  from  down  the  street  comes 
the  hollow  boom  of  a  Salvation  Army  drum. 

And  nearer,  standing  very  still  amid  all  the  play 
of  light  and  shadow,  stretches  the  long  line  of  those 
who  have  lost  hold  on  the  bottom  rung.  Some  of 
them  have  stood  there  through  five  weary  hours — 
waiting  for  a  cup  of  coffee,  and  a  bit  of  longed  for 
bread.  Hundreds  of  men,  standing  shoulder  to 
shoulder  in  the  great  brotherhood  of  wTant ! 


37 


Push-Cart    Town 


The  narrow,  sunless  streets,  are  filled  with  peo- 
ple from  a  thousand  crowded  homes.  Everywhere, 
six  and  seven  storied  brick  tenements  are  crowded 
to  the  eaves  with  humanity,  for  in  this  part  of  the 
town,  one  single  square  mile  holds  a  quarter  of  a 
million  people. 

And  the  sights,  and  the  sounds,  and  the  strange 
odors,  seem  not  to  belong  to  hurrying  New  York, 
but  to  the  outskirts  of  some  of  the  most  ancient 
cities  in  Europe. 

Below  the  long  line  of  smoking,  flaring  torches, 
Jews  from  every  country  under  the  sun,  surge  to 
and  fro,  laughing  and  gesticulating,  as  they  bargain 
for  everything  from  figs  and  bric-a-brac,  to  old  lace 
and  sheet-iron  stove-tops.  It  is  the  market  place  of 
the  Great  East  Side — the  department  store  of  the 
countless  thousands,  who  know  nothing  of  the  city, 
five  blocks  from  their  own  door. 


39 


4o 


I 

, 


.     . 


,        .*..*!"  fit*. 


Syrian    Quarter 
Lower  West   Side 


An   East'  Side   Playground 


p?«$  m 

j«^.y  "w^MjpEi     1% 


A   Recreation   Pier  Concert 
42 


East  Side   Street.  Vendors 


^.    „ 


43 


Little    Hungary 

Follow  the  sign  of  the  big  electric  cross,  turn 
into  East  Houston  Street,  and  there  in  letters  of 
fire  is  "  Little  Hungary." 

Little  Hungary,  where  more  good  wine  some- 
times seems  to  leak  from  the  ceiling  of  the  old 
cellar  than  materializes  in  the  strange,  uncanny 
bottles;  where  the  very  air  is  charged  with  gay  fri- 
volity and  the  brilliant  Neapolitan  singers  are  ac- 
companied by  the  swirling,  swinging  cadence  of 
the  Hungarian  orchestra. 

It  is  here  that  the  Ragged  Edge  Klub  is  known 
to  meet,  and  it  is  also  here,  five  years  ago,  that 
President  Roosevelt  held  the  banquet  which  he  had 
promised  in  the  days  when  he  was  Police  Com- 
missioner. 

Laughter  and  jest  and  song  ripple  easily  from 
table  to  table,  while  the  air  is  heady  with  a  strange 
aroma  which  is  to  be  found  nowhere  else, — for  this 
is  the  heart  of  Bohemia! 


44 


JR  tjyw 
K 

^      ,  =?f; 

' 

•,  •* 


A   Corner  in  the   Syrian   (Quarter 
Lower  West  Side 


45 


Francesca's 

A  quaint  little  Italian  restaurant,  replete  with 
the  atmosphere  of  the  old  Latin  Quarter.  There  is, 
perhaps,  not  its  like  to  be  found  anywhere  in  the 
City. 

From  the  street,  can  be  seen  nothing  more  than 
a  blue  placard,  bearing  the  legend  "  64."  Yet  de- 
scend some  worn  stone  steps,  duck  beneath  a  dark- 
ened, arching  doorway,  and  one  is  on  the  sawdust 
strewn  path  that  leads  through  the  kitchen,  out 
into  a  walled  court-yard  of  the  restaurant. 

Round  about,  at  intervals,  are  pictures,  painted 
on  the  wall  itself,  by  hands,  some  of  which  are  long 
since  dust.  And  in  one  corner  a  tree  stands  half 
imbedded  in  the  masonry. 

There  is  no  orchestra;  no  carefully  harmonized 
light  effect  and  the  radiators  which  do  not  radiate, 
stand  out  blatantly  against  the  red  brick  wall.  But 
then,  where  else  may  one  have  pink  salad-dressing 
and  the  joy  which  comes  of  correctly  deciding  the 
great  question  of  '  Banan'  or  ze  apple  "? 

Among  its  kind  Francesca's  stands  unique.  It's, 
well,  it's, — just  Francesca's. 


47 


48 


Washington    Arch 

When  a  nation  is  very  young,  its  history,  while 
perhaps  carrying  great  significance,  does  not  always 
permit  of  many  relics  which  bear  tribute  to  past 
achievements. 

Realizing  this,  the  people  of  the  United  States  of 
America  caused  to  be  erected,  in  eighteen  hundred 
and  eighty-nine,  on  the  Centennial  Anniversary  of 
Washington's  taking  the  oath  of  office,  a  marble 
arch  which  bears  his  name. 

The  exquisite  design  of  its  creamy  white  stone, 
for  all  its  massive  solidity,  seems  to  idle  in  dreamy 
gentleness  through  long  summer  days  against  a 
green  background  of  the  park. 

Thirty  feet  wide,  it  spans  Fifth  Avenue,  and  is 
arched  just  under  the  famous  carved  frieze,  at  a 
height  of  seventy-seven  feet  above  the  pavement. 

It  seems  fitting  that  the  one  hundred  and  twenty- 
eight  thousand  dollars  of  its  cost  was  borne  by  the 
people  themselves,  for  on  it  are  shaped  the  words 
which  closed  the  inaugural  address  from  the  First 
President  of  the  country. 

'  Let  us  raise  a  standard  to  which  the  wise  and 
honest  can  repair.  The  event  is  in  the  hands  of 
God.' 


49 


50 


Scheff  el -Halle 


'  Ich  griisse  clich,  clu  stolzes  Haus, 

Dich   traute  '  Scheffel-Halle '!  " 

It  was  in  this  old-time  "  Bierstube '  that  was 
forged  a  great  part  of  the  present  strong  chain  of 
good-fellowship  between  American  and  German 
Newr  York. 

The  fame  of  its  true  German  dishes;  its  '  Ha- 
sen-Pfeffer '  stewr  with  potato-balls ;  its  rare  old 
'  Culmbacher  '  beer  and  Bretzels,  has  spread  far 
indeed.  For  in  that  subtle  atmosphere  of  "  Gemuth- 
lichkeit  '  there  seems  to  be  a  friendly  tinge  on 
everything,  from  the  iron  scroll-work  of  the  en- 
trance to  the  stained-glass  ceiling  in  the  old  hall 
itself. 

When  the  ancient  clock,  up  among  the  steins 
on  the  carved  oaken  mantel  of  the  fire-place,  slowly 
chimes  that  magic  hour  in  which  the  spirit  of  the 
poet  is  supposed  to  stir  abroad,  the  dim  panels  il- 
lustrating his  many  adventures,  seem  to  gather  up 
new  life. 

And  then,  just  as  they  have  done  here  every 
evening  for  more  than  thirty  years,  the  four  old 
German  musicians  will  bend  over  their  instruments 
for  an  '  Abend-sang." 

—  Fest  steht,  und  treu  die  Wacht, — die  Wacht 
am  Rhein!" 


Washington   Irving's   home 
I  yth  Street  and  Irving  Place 


Castle    Cave 

Under  its  smoke-darkened  rafters,  have  been  en- 
tertained many  a  famous  person,  for  nowhere  else 
in  the  city  may  one  have  delicacies,  such  as  Mr. 
Bardusch  himself  broils  beside  the  fragrant  hickory- 
wood  fire. 

The  shining  meat-ax  hangs  against  the  wall,  near 
the  piled  up  hickory,  and  it  catches  the  golden  tints 
in  the  glow  from  the  hot  coals,  when  they  are  raked 
out  and  spread  under  the  sizzling  roasts. 

By  far,  the  most  unique  dish  to  be  found  in 
Castle  Cave,  is  oysters  on  the  half-shell,  grilled,  and 
brought,  all  steaming,  to  the  table  on  a  platter  of 
live  coals. 


53 


54 


Metropolitan    Tower 

The  long,  swift  rise  of  an  electric  express  ele- 
vator— forty-four  stories  without  a  stop ;  two  turns 
in  a  narrow  stairway,  and  one  is  out  on  the  bal- 
cony of  the  second  tallest  structure  in  the  world. 
Within  sight  lie  the  homes  of  one  sixteenth  of  all 
the  people  in  the  United  States. 

Here,  one  may  toss  a  penny  nearly  seven  hundred 
feet  sheer,  down  into  a  pigmy  city  which  has 
dropped  so  far  away  that,  but  for  a  distant  mur- 
mur, it  seems  to  carry  on  its  work  in  perpetual 
silence. 

Vast,  nebulous,  smoke-hung  New  York, — the  land 
that  Peter  Minuit  once  bought  for  twenty-four 
dollars'  worth  of  trinkets !  Somewhere,  of  course, 
steam  riveters  are  thundering  as  they  fling  up  new 
sky-scrapers ;  fire-gongs  are  ringing  and  whistles 
blowing;  crimes  and  brave  deeds  are  being  her- 
alded. But  no  sound  of  it  save  that  steady  under- 
tone of  traffic  ever  reaches  up  beyond  the  sun-gilded 
banners  of  steam,  for  at  this  height  even  the  whim- 
pering winds  seem  to  pause  for  a  moment  as  if  in 
doubt. 

Perhaps  the  most  interesting  thing  about  the 
tower  is  the  tremendous,  electric  four-dial  clock.  It 
is  the  largest  that  has  yet  been  built,  with  a  minute 
hand  seventeen  feet  long  and  weighing  half  a  ton. 

Strange,  indeed,  it  seems,  to  hear  the  old,  his- 
toric Cambridge  chimes,  ring  out  on  the  quarter 
hours  at  a  height  of  nearly  fifty  floors  above  the 
sidewalk,  and  to  know  that  two-hundred-pound  elec- 

55 


trie  hammers  are  striking 
them  on  seven-thousand 
pound  bells. 

Within  the  building,- 
a  small  city  in  itself — five 
thousand  people  are  at 
work  keeping  the  rec- 
ords of  the  biggest  life  in- 
surance business  ever  de- 
veloped. 

The  walls  are  made  of 
pure  Tuckahoe  marble 
and  exquisitely  chased 
bronze.  And  it  took  six- 
teen years  before  they 
were  finally  in  place, — 
on  this  compeer  of  the 
distant  Tomb  of  Agra  by 
the  broad  white  road  to 
Delhi. 


Overlooking   Madison   Square   Park 

57 


The    Martha    Washington 

Its  duplicate  is  not  to  be  found  anywhere,  for  it 
is  the  only  hotel  of  its  kind  in  the  world. 

This  original  project  was  financed  by  the  Wom- 
en's Hotel  Corporation,  which  designed  and  erected 
it  exclusively  for  women.  There  are  women  clerks 
and  girl  "  bell-boys." 

No  matter  how  unprotected  a  young  girl  may  be 
who  comes  alone  to  town,  with  "  Martha  Washing- 
ton "  for  a  chaperon,  she  is  considered  as  safe  as  in 
her  own  home.  Not  even  brothers  or  fathers  may 
stay  over-night  within  its  sacred  portals  or  penetrate 
above  the  parlor  floor. 

The  four  hundred  and  fifty  rooms,  accommodate 
six  or  seven  hundred  guests,  and  on  the  top  of  its 
twelve  stories,  there  is  a  fine  roof-garden. 

Situated,  as  the  Martha  Washington  is,  in  the 
very  center  of  interesting  activities,  from  its  door- 
way one  might  shoot  an  arrow  into  several  of  the 
big  women's  camps  without  stirring. 

The  Women's  University  Club  with  a  member- 
ship list  of  seven  hundred  lies  close  by,  and  slightly 
farther  away,  the  head-quarters  of  the  Women's 
Suffrage  movement  which  is  now  over  sixty  thou- 
sand strong;  the  Colony  Club;  the  Women's 
Municipal  League  and  the  exhibit  of  the  Con- 
sumer's League  which  demonstrates  by  means  of 
models  and  photographs,  the  evils  which  arise  from 
sweat-shop  work  among  the  tenements. 


Madison   Square   Garden   from   the   Park 


59 


6o 


Pennsylvania    Terminal 

He  stands  looking  gravely  down  on  the  people 
who  hurry  by, — the  people  who  are  too  busy  even 
to  gaze  about  them  on  the  work  to  which  he  gave 
his  life.  A  slender  bronze  statue  of  Alexander  Cas- 
sat,  holding  an  open  book  within  one  hand.  His 
was  the  vision  and  the  force  necessary  to  carry  this 
gigantic  project  through  to  its  present  conclusion. 

It  wTas  a  long  fight  and  a  hard  one,  but  he  never 
wavered.  Insurmountable  difficulties  arose;  traf- 
fic and  organization  problems  presented  themselves 
that  had  never  even  been  heard  of  before,  and  he 
conquered  them  all — though  at  what  cost  to  himself 
no  one  will  ever  knowT ! 

In  due  time  he  extended  the  railroad,  of  wThich 
he  wras  president,  to  nine  acres  of  valuable  land  in 
the  heart  of  New  York  City.  He  accomplished  the 
ideal  for  which  he  had  dreamed  and  striven, — and 
the  price  of  the  accomplishment,  was  one  hundred 
and  fifty  million  dollars! 

But  far  greater  than  this  is  the  fact  that  the  vis- 
ible result,  with  its  vaulted  arches  and  s\veet-sound- 
ing  echoes,  is  a  thing  of  stately  beauty  from  the 
genius  of  McKim,  Meade  and  White,  and  one  of 
which  the  city  may  always  well  be  proud. 


61 


m 


nwHwra 

i> 


t 


62 


A    Great    Retail    Business 

It  is  very  hard,  when  stepping  into  this  modern 
colossus  of  the  selling  world,  to  realize  the  years 
of  patient,  plodding  toil  which  lie  beneath  it, — the 
hopes  and  dreams  of  men  who  have  been  planning 
this  ideal  of  theirs  for  more  than  a  generation. 

Away  back  in  the  early  forties,  when  transporta- 
tion was  by  wagon  and  French  money  was  used 
west  of  the  Ohio,  Adam  Gimbel  was  already  a  lead- 
ing merchant  in  the  little  town  of  Vincennes,  In- 
diana. 

Here,  beneath  the  flaring  lanterns  in  his  small 
two  story  Trade  Palace,"  he  exchanged,  among 
other  things,  plug  tobacco  and  calico  for  pelts. 

And  this  is  a  far  cry  from  the  most  modern  of 
great  retail  stores  with  its  twenty-seven  acres  of 
space,  its  six  thousand  employes,  its  six  million  dol- 
lar building,  its  thirty-six  elevators,  one  thousand 
telephones,  and  miles  upon  miles  of  electric  wiring. 
Yet,  throughout  all  this,  there  runs  a  pleasing 
thread  of  simplicity, — the  stately  simplicity  of  solid 
mahogany,  \vhite  marble,  and  perfect  arrangement. 

Figures  carry  little  meaning  when  they  compass 
such  quantities  as  are  beyond  human  experience,  but 
it  can  be  readily  seen  how  the  tremendous  vastness 
of  such  an  enterprise  would  be  overpowering  were 
it  not  for  clever  architectural  handling  of  space. 
In  this  regard  the  Tea  Room  stands  preeminent. 
Here,  the  entire  population  of  some  New  England 


towns  might  be  seated  and  be  far  from  crowded. 
Still,  in  some  miraculous  manner,  the  impression 
of  quiet  cosiness  remains. 

It  is  very  safe  to  say  that  Gimbel's  is  the  last 
whisper  in  the  evolution  of  the  science  of  selling. 
Rest  rooms;  silence  rooms;  a  fully  equipped  hospital 
with  a  physician  and  nurse  in  charge ;  a  luxurious 
waiting  room ;  concerts  of  grand  opera ;  all  these 
and  more,  show  the  fullest  realization  of  the  policy 
of  making  the  customer  comfortable. 

But  greater  than  all  this  material  growth  is  the 
stupendous  fact  that  Gimbel's  wTas  the  first  store  to 
advertise  that  its  social  conscience  had  awakened. 
Before  it  opened,  there  appeared  in  huge  letters, 
with  its  other  advertisements  on  the  outside  of  the 
building,  the  pregnant  wrords, 

We  will  not  carry  either  Child  Labor  or  Sweat- 
shop goods!  Everything  will  be  Economically  as 
well  as  Physically  clean !  ' 


64 


Rector's 

And   who  has  not  heard   of  Rector's! 

The  salle-a-manger  in  this  Aladdin's  palace  of 
crimson  and  marble  and  gold  has  the  name  of  be- 
ing among  the  most  beautiful  rooms  ever  designed. 

Rare  mosaics  of  stained  glass,  paintings  and  mar- 
bles, sometimes  half-hidden  behind  green  palms,  all 
lend  a  subtle,  unobtrusive  splendor.  While  two 
great  chandeliers  hanging  near  either  end,  and  made 
from  thousands  of  tiny  pieces  of  hand-cut,  rosy- 
tinted  glass,  are  forever  glowing,  a-quiver  with 
whimsical  lights. 

But  it  is  more  interesting  to  see  the  place  from 
whence  emerges  that  miraculous  Filet  of  Sea-bass 
and  the  Vol-au-vent  which  has  made  this  restau- 
rant famous  across  two  continents. 

It  presents,  with  its  equipment  of  every  known 
implement,  a  remarkable  scene  of  well-ordered, 
adroit  activity;  comparable  only  to  the  decks  of  a 
warship  before  going  into  action.  For  the  first 
time  in  history,  French  art  has  been  combined  with 
American  silent  speed  and  efficiency. 

And  the  result?     Ah! — cela  se  laisse  manner! 


66 


Canfield's    Bronze    Door 

The  evening,  four  years  ago,  when  Commissioner 
Jerome  swung  his  ax, — and  broke  it, — on  the  fa- 
mous twenty-eight  thousand  dollar  bronze  door  of 
Canfield's  gambling  house,  was  a  memorable  one 
in  the  police  annals  of  the  city.  The  marks  are 
there  yet, — only  two  tiny  gashes — for  the  hardened 
metal,  which,  in  fifteen  hundred  and  thirty,  used  to 
guard  the  wine-cellar  of  a  great  palace,  is  some  four 
inches  thick. 

What  strange  scenes,  through  all  the  passing 
years,  must  the  playful  cherubs,  which  decorate  its 
massive  front,  have  looked  upon !  Yet,  now  that 
the  place  has  become  a  restaurant,  they  behold  noth- 
ing more  startling  than  a  throng  of  city-dwellers, 
bent  on  taking  dinner  upstairs,  where  the  tables  are 
set  under  the  most  expensive  ceiling  in  New  York. 

The  famous  mahogany  railing  on  the  stair-case 
is  upheld  by  many  dancing  nymphs,  each  of  which 
was  carved  in  different  form  from  a  solid  block  at 
an  enormous  cost. 

Downstairs,  drinks  are  now  served  in  the  same 
room  where,  formerly,  the  chips  were  bought  or 
cashed  in,  and  where  it  is  rumored  a  wrell-known 
millionaire,  one  evening,  left  one  hundred  and  fifty 
thousand  dollars. 


"And     Now    Let    Us    Conserve 
Human    Life' 

The  great  bound  with  which  the  question  of  "  So- 
cial Insurance  "  sprang  into  prominence  of  late,  has 
brought  the  American  Museum  of  Safety  within  the 
spot-light  of  public  interest. 

This  exhibit,  includes  protecting  devices  for  the 
safeguarding  of  human  life,  in  almost  every  field  of 
labor,  from  the  turning  of  a  grindstone  to  the  mov- 
ing of  a  freight  train, — yet,  unusual  and  interesting 
as  it  is  now,  bewildering,  in  an  array  of  strange 
appliances,  it  gives  but  a  conception  of  how  far  this 
new  movement  may  some  day  be  carried. 

On  one  side,  the  demonstrator  is  explaining  the 
use  of  a  valve-lock  which  prevents  a  man  who  is 
cleaning  the  inside  of  a  boiler,  from  being  grilled 
alive  by  someone  carelessly  turning  on  the  steam. 
Passing  on,  he  picks  a  can  of  gasoline  from  a  rack 
and  setting  fire  to  it,  calmly  pours  a  flaming  stream 
from  one  container  to  another,  in  proof  of  his  state- 
ment that  this  high  explosive  is  now  no  more  dan- 
gerous than  water, — when  protected  with  a  small 
device. 

Safety-exits,  which  open  automatically  on  contact 
with  a  person's  body ;  devices  for  protecting  punches 
and  presses;  safety-scaffolding;  and  protection  for 
life  at  sea;  respirators,  for  use  in  mine  disasters;  to- 
gether with  innumerable  machines,  models  and  pho- 
tographs, form  a  collection  of  intense  interest  even 
to  the  ordinary  observer  and  of  incalculable  value 

68 


to  manufacturers  in  general.  For  at  present,  annu- 
ally in  the  United  States,  over  five  hundred  thou- 
sand men  are  being  wiped  out  from  the  ranks  of 
the  wage-earners, — a  loss  to  the  cash  wealth  in  the 
country  of  two  hundred  and  fifty  million  a  year! 

And  so  it  is,  that  this  museum  is  fast  becoming 
the  protecting  bulwark  at  the  top  of  America's  in- 
dustrial precipice.  It  is  heading  the  momentous 
change  which  is  sweeping  so  rapidly  over  the  coun- 
try at  large — the  change  from  inadequate  and  costly 
Compensation  to  the  cheaper  and  more  humane  Pre- 
vention. 


Residence   of  J.    P.    Morgan 
36th   Street   and   Madison    Avenue 

69 


Murray's 

A  myriad  many-colored  lights;  glowing,  reflected 
again  and  yet  again,  deep-set  in  a  sea  of  mirrors;  the 
soft  splash  of  a  tumbling  fountain  which  bursts  from 
beneath  the  feet  of  a  marble  goddess ;  the  subdued 
hum  of  soft  laughter  mingled  with  the  tinkle  of 
silver  and  crystal  and  under  all  the  voice  of  the 
singing,  wailing  violins — this  is  Murray's! 

Entering  the  '  Roman  Garden  '  directly  from 
the  street  we  are  translated,  as  if  by  Mahomet's 
carpet,  from  the  prosaic  influence  of  Times  Square 
to  the  luxurious,  indolent  atmosphere  of  Rome  at 
the  zenith  of  the  Qesars. 

The  scheme  of  decoration  produces  an  outdoor 
effect,  which  is  heightened  by  a  blue  sky,  twinkling 
with  electric  stars,  and  overswept  by  moving  arti- 
ficial clouds. 

Around  the  rooms,  behind  columned  panels,  have 
been  painted  views  in  keeping  with  the  style  of 
decoration  and  which  lend  an  enchanting  sense  of 
perspective  to  the  scene.  Many  of  these  are  of  the 
renowned  White  collection  and  go  far  towards  up- 
holding that  remarkably  artistic  tout  ensemble, 
which,  from  the  entrance  to  the  roof-garden,  has 
made  Murray's  famous  as  far  as  the  Pacific  Slope. 


Sh 


e  r  r  y    s 


Every  name  carries  with  it  some  association. 

Sherry's,  to  the  New  Yorker,  has  long,  among 
other  things,  meant  especially  that  place  where  the 
fashionable  bride-to-be  may  entertain  her  friends, 
either  at  dinner  or  in  the  afternoon  over  a  cup  of 
tea,  while  continually  past  the  spacious  windows, 
flows  the  ever-changing  kaleidoscope  of  the  Avenue. 

Here,  in  the  evening,  under  the  soft  lights,  may 
be  seen  many  fair  women  and  noted  men,  for  from 
farewell  bachelor  suppers  of  the  Smart  Set,  to  the 
exclusive  Patriarch  Ball,  many  different  note- 
worthy entertainments  have  given  Sherry's  the 
reputation  it  now  bears  of  being,  perhaps  more  than 
any  other  place,  the  favorite  resort  of  the  elite. 


72 


Delmonico's 

When  "  Delmonico  and  Brothers  "  opened  a  cof- 
fee, cake  and  confectionery  shop  in  the  year  eighteen 
hundred  and  twenty-eight  at  Number  Twenty-three 
William  Street,  "  they  and  the  female  members  of 
their  family  dispensed  coffee,  liquor,  pates  and  con- 
fections." Undoubtedly,  they  little  dreamed  of  such 
an  organization  as  was  later  to  spring  from  this 
single  small  room. 

When,  in  eighteen  hundred  and  forty-two  John 
Delmonico,  then  the  head  of  the  house,  passed 
away,  his  family  had  printed  in  a  local  paper  this 
unique  notice,  so  filled  with  the  atmosphere  of  sev- 
enty years  ago. 

"  A  CARD :  The  widow,  brother  and  nephew 
Lorenzo  of  the  late  much  respected  John  Delmon- 
ico tender  their  heartfelt  thanks  to  the  friends, 
benevolent  societies  and  Northern  Liberty  Fire  En- 
gine Company,  who  accompanied  his  remains  to  his 
last  home.  The  establishment  will  be  re-opened 
to-day,  under  the  same  firm  of  Delmonico  Brothers, 
and  no  pains  of  the  bereft  family  will  be  spared  to 
give  general  satisfaction.  Restaurant,  bar-room, 
and  private  dinners,  Number  Two  South  William 
Street;  furnished  rooms  Number  Seventy-six  Broad 
Street,  as  usual." 

And  so  it  has, — but  evidently  always  a  little 
better  than  'usual"!  For  from  'dispensing  bon- 
bons, coffee  and  liquor  "  it  has  risen  gradually  to  be 
'  Delmonico's  '  -the  most  famous  restaurant  in  ex- 
istence to-day! 

73 


Ritz-Carlton 

While  it  could  hardly  be  said  that  the  phrase 
"  one  finds  one's  warmest  welcome  ^at-  the  inn  ' 
would  ever  apply  to  any  part  of  such  a  tremendous 
organization  as  the  Ritz-Carlton  hotel-chain,  yet 
strangely  enough,  for  all  its  modernity,  this  very 
feeling  has  been  here  in  part  preserved. 

True,  the  superb  appointments  of  the  halls  and 
dining  rooms,  with  their  artistic  reflected-lighting 
effects,  conjure  up  very  different  visions  from  the 
gooseberry  pie  and  rare  roast  beef  wrhich  made 
famous  the  inns  of  Hawthorne's  and  Dickens'  time. 

There  are  travelers  who  know  fine  hotels  the 
world  over  and  yet  will  stay  in  none  which  does 
not  bear  the  crest  of  the  Ritz-Carlton,  whether 
they  happen  to  be  in  New  York  or  London,  Madrid 
or  St.  Petersburg. 


74 


«^.     i 


&sRsair 


Plaza 
76 


The    Plaza 

i 

The  Merchant  Princes  of  mediaeval  Venice,  with 
their  open-handed  patronage  of  art,  could  hardly 
boast  of  higher  attainments  in  interior  architecture, 
than  the  modern  hotel-palaces  for  which  New  York 
is  noted. 

Like  Ashley  House  in  London  and  the  Madeleine 
in  Paris,  the  Plaza  is  in  possession  of  a  situation 
which  will  never  retrograde,  no  matter  where  fol- 
lowing decades  may  carry  the  city's  limits,  for  it 
stands  at  the  barrier  of  Central  Park, — the  broad 
expanse  of  green  trees  and  sparkling  lakes  which 
stretches  three  miles  Northward  from  its  door. 

It  is  hard  to  conceive  of  an  hotel,  so  immense  as 
to  require  a  complete  silversmith,  upholstery  plant 
and  corps  of  mattress  makers  within  its  walls. 

Yet  for  all  its  sixteen  million  dollar  building  and 
countless  servants,  the  Plaza  has  always  retained 
that  indescribable  something  which  brings  its  guests 
back  year  after  year. 

Perhaps  it  is  the  sheer  physical  beauty  of  its  fit- 
tings as  in  the  famous  tea  room,  with  its  Patio-like 
spaces  and  dome  of  softly  tinted  glass;  its  column- 
ade  of  Fleur  de  Peche  marble  and  golden-bronze 
columns.  Or  then,  again,  it  may  be  the  charm  of 
the  music  on  the  terrace-gardens — such  music  as 
may  be  only  purchased  for  the  sum  of  sixty  thou- 
sand dollars  a  year! 

But  whatever  the  reason,  nothing  can  dim  the  fact 
that  the  Plaza  has  rightly  earned  for  itself  the  name 
of  a  wonderful  and  magnificent  hotel. 

77 


Central    Park 

The  March  to  Victory  is  ever  an  entrancing  sub- 
ject, but  perhaps  never  more  so  than  in  St.  Gau- 
dens'  masterpiece,  under  the  shadows  of  which  one 
steps  within  the  magic  eight  hundred  and  forty  acres 
of  Central  Park. 

It  is  at  its  best  early  on  a  spring  morning, — so 
early  as  to  create  the  feeling  that  it  belongs  with 
all  its  freshness  to  one  human  alone.  Then,  the 
sheep  are  out  with  their  little  lambs ;  the  squirrels 
seem  more  tame,  and  gaze  in  friendly  fashion ;  while 
the  white  swans  in  their  stately  splendor  have  al- 
ready established  title  to  the  lakes.  Myriad  sweet- 
voiced  birds  hold  council  up  in  the  foliage,  for  this  is 
the  chosen  resting  place  of  winged  wranderers  as  they 
pursue  their  way  North  and  South  within  the  year. 

Many  of  the  trees  have  been  brought  from  under 
foreign  skies,  to  be  planted  here  by  distinguished  vis- 
itors. 

But  when  Cleopatra  made  her  needles,  four  thou- 
sand years  ago,  she  little  thought  that  one  would  be 
taken  from  the  Temple  of  the  Sun,  lost  at  sea,  and 
found  again,  to  stand  at  the  Temple  of  Art  in  a 
Newr  World,  where  soon,  among  its  other  treas- 
ures, it  is  hoped  to  find  Rembrandt's  half-million 
dollar  Mill. 

All  through  the  Park,  sometimes  half-hidden 
amidst  the  trees,  stand  guardian  statues  of  those 
patriots  who  have  served  the  republic  well,  while 
at  night  the  Harlem  Meer  recalls  King  Arthur's 
legends,  quivering  light-reflections  in  the  lakes, 
dream-palaces  of  old. 

79 


I 


iii 


Fire    Department 

Up  in  the  telegraph  room  at  headquarters,  an 
officer's  terse  report  is  coming  in  over  the  tele- 
phone to  be  put  on  record, — though  it  is  but  seven 
minutes  since  the  first  gong  was  struck,—  Ten- 
sixty-five,  First  Avenue,  -  -  Sub-basement,  -  Two 
Companies '  and  that  is  all !  A  man  holds  his 
finger  on  a  chart  for  a  moment  while  he  makes  a 
few  notations  and  the  quick  scratching  of  his  pen 
is  distinctly  audible  in  the  uncertain  pause,  before 
the  swift,  steady  menace  of  the  alarm  breaks  in 
again. 

Headquarters  has  been  known   to  receive  more 
than  one  hundred  and  fifty  calls  in  one  day,  which 
is  a  higher  number — except  for  some  great  disaster 
-than  has  been  rung  up  in  any  other  fire  depart- 
ment ever  organized. 

It  is  known  that  New  York  City  spends  seven 
and  one  half  million  dollars  every  year  putting  out 
thirteen  thousand  fires,  but  much  of  this  undoubt- 
edly is  paid  for  being  ready  to  put  out  untold  more, 
which  possibly  might  have  occurred.  And  it  is  just 
this  point  of  being  ready,  which  has  contributed  per- 
haps more  than  anything  else  to  making  the  New 
York  Fire  Department,  writh  its  one  hundred  and 
sixty  engines,  sixty-five  hook  and  ladder  companies, 
seven  fire  boats,  and  training  school,  what  it  is  to- 
day— the  most  efficient  on  the  globe. 


81 


The    American    Museum    of 
Natural    History 

What  the  "  Zoo  '  is  to  the  Londoner,  this  Mu- 
seum of  Natural  History  is  to  the  dweller  in  New 
York.  He  may  well  be  proud,  for  in  its  possession 
are  many  specimens  which  can  be  seen  nowhere  else. 

Neither  expense  nor  trouble  is  spared  in  sending 
expeditions  of  scientific  men  to  all  quarters  of  the 
globe,  to  study,  and  collect  new  specimens ;  while 
citizens  of  the  republic  also  donate  objects  which 
they  acquire  in  every  country.  So  it  happens,  that, 
among  other  interesting  things,  one  finds  here, 
Peary's  sledge  which  reached  the  Pole ;  the  animals 
Roosevelt  shot  at  the  equator ;  the  Tiffany  collec- 
tion of  gems;  Meteorites  fallen  from  among  the 
stars  to  be  found  and  brought  home  out  of  the 
Northland ;  butterflies,  so  beautiful  as  to  almost 
make  one  believe  they  were  captured  by  a  magic  net 
in  Fairyland,  and  that  miraculous  substance  called 
Radium,  whose  powers  are  not  yet  even  understood. 

Primitive  peoples,  from  almost  all  climes  and  all 
ages,  are  resuscitated  in  their  natural  surroundings. 
The  prehistoric  and  those  who  have  perished  since 
their  contact  with  civilization, — Aztecs  and  Cliff- 
Dwellers;  Incas  from  Peru,  and  Cannibals  from  the 
Land  of  Fire. 

But  it  is  the  skeleton  of  the  Dinosaur,  hanging 
in  the  main  hall,  which  is  always  the  center  of 
interest.  Being  the  only  one  in  existence,  men  have 
traveled  some  ten  thousand  miles  merely  to  gaze 
upon  the  figure  of  this  monster  creature,  which 
ruled  upon  earth  ten  millions  of  years  ago. 

82 


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bgtm^^ 

: 


^~~          •  •  , 

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'•-Oj_-i^tt 
T ,- 


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The  Speedway.      Washington  Heights 
84 


Soldiers'    and   Sailors'    Monument 
Riverside  Drive 


Riverside  jDrive 


86 


Riverside    Drive 

What  La  Cornichi  is  to  the  old  world,  Riverside 
is  to  the  new. 

But  the  beauties  of  Riverside  are  not  easy  things 
to  see,   for  across  the   Hudson  lie  the   Palisades,- 
the  Palisades  that  will  never  grow  old,  \vhile  sun- 
light  and   shadow   play   their  many   fancies  among 
the  castled  battlements  and  towers. 

The  individual  character  of  the  drive  is  hardly 
paralleled  by  any  of  the  world's  most  famous  ave- 
nues, for  even  though  it  is  faced  with  some  of  the 
handsomest  residences  in  America,  still,  at  many 
places  the  woods  have  been  left  undisturbed  in  their 
native  charm. 

A  temple,  sometime  to  be  the  greatest  ever  built, 
stands  close  upon  its  path,  and  nearby  is  Columbia 
College  which  in  seventeen  hundred  and  sixty- 
four  was  granted  to  The  City  of  New  York  in 
America"  by  King  George  the  Third. 

Two  tombs,  and  only  two,  are  given  honor  upon 
this  parkway.  They  stand  near  together  upon  the 
bluff,  and  each,  with  a  touch  of  noble  dignity, 
carries  its  separate  message  to  the  world. 

Upon  the  first,  which  has  stood  here  more  than  a 
hundred  years,  there  reads  the  simple  words  To 
an  amiable  child — aged  five." 

And  on  the  second,  the  words  of  him  who,  when 
still  in  the  flush  of  a  victory,  which  had  welded 
fifty  million  people,  could  only  say, 

'  Eet  us  have  peace !  ' 


88 


College  of  the  City  of  New  York 


89 


St.  John  The  Divine 


on 


Cathedral   Heights 


90 


Churches    of    New    York 

Despite  America's  reputation  for  commercialism, 
her  principal  city  might  almost  be  called  a  City  of 
Churches, — a  town  where  it  is  easily  possible  for 
one  to  attend  both  morning  and  afternoon  services 
every  day  for  a  year  and  yet  never  set  foot  twice  in 
the  same  building! 

About  fifty  years  after  the  advent  of  the  Pil- 
grims, Old  Trinity  was  built.  It  stands  at  the 
head  of  Wall  Street  on  what  is  undoubtedly  the 
most  valuable  piece  of  Church  land  in  the  world, 
and  many  a  time  have  its  sweet  bells  rung  out  the 
old  and  in  the  new-born  year. 

Further  up  town,  Grace  Church,  with  its  open- 
air  pulpit,  its  lawns  and  shrubbery  and  its  atmos- 
phere of  peaceful  quiet,  suggests  somehow,  even  in 
the  roar  of  the  traffic  along  Broadway,  the  placid 
tranquillity  of  old  England. 

But  the  list  might  be  extended  almost  without 
end,  from  the  enormous  St.  Patrick's  which  in  pur- 
ity of  style  and  beauty  of  material  is  hardly  sur- 
passed by  any  in  the  world,  down  to  the  '  Little 
Church  Around  the  Corner,"  with  its  vine  covered 
walls,  its  lych-gate  and  drinking  fountain. 

Many  churches,  stately  and  beautiful,  has  New 
York.  But  it  is  this  Little  Church  Around  the 
Corner  which  perhaps  lies  nearest  of  all  to  the 
hearts  of  the  people,  for  ever  since  it  came  into 
existence,  it  has  been  the  refuge  of  the  stricken  and 
the  wearied,  the  homeless  and  oppressed. 


"Little   Church   Around   the  Corner 
29th   Street  and   Fifth   Avenue 


92 


Bronx    Park 

" — Where  winds  the  Bronx!'  for  what  other 
cities  have  a  river,  which  rises,  flows  and  empties, 
within  their  gates? 

Upon  the  four  thousand  acres  of  this  great 
breathing  space  of  New  York,  wrhere  is  intended 
room  for  all  the  millions  still  to  come  within  her 
borders,  one  may  do  many  things. 

There  is  a  river  to  row  upon ;  a  magnificent  golf 
course ;  the  Sound  to  swim  in ;  woods  to  walk 
among;  or  the  Botanical  and  Zoological  Gardens  to 
visit. 

And  eons  ago  a  rocking-boulder  of  some  thirty 
tons,  was  left  in  this  natural  park  to  be  a  plaything 
of  Man  when  the  Great-Ice  departed. 


93 


94 


Coney    Island 

"Come! — see-e  the  big  show — big  show!  Only 
five  cents! — half  a  dime! — the  twentieth  part  of  a 
dollar!  Step  right  up! — men,  women  and  little 
children!  See-e  dreadful  Emo,  the  Turtle-Boy! 
Writhing,  twisting,  turning,  all  the  times! — Cap- 
tured in  the  wilds  of  Africa  ! 

What  childhood  memories  does  not  the  place  re- 
call, with  its  indescribable  sound  of  blaring  bands 
and  booming  drums;  shrill-voiced  venders  and 
shouting  "  barkers  '  over  the  steady  murmur  of 
laughing  crowds. 

"  Soda !  Cider !  Sas'parilla  —  all  y'  wan'er 
drink  fer  fi-ive  cents!  ' 

A  wheezy,  gurgling  hand-organ  is  trying  to  make 
itself  heard,  while  the  monkey  in  its  little  red  jacket 
and  bells,  crouches  half-defiantly  upon  its  perch. 
From  a-far  off  comes  the  shrieking  joy  of  children 
on  the  shute-the-shutes  and  the  smell  of  new-made 
candy  is  everywhere. 

Above  is  the  warm  sky  and  time  seems  made  to 
spend  with  lavish  hand,  for  the  same  old  spirit  of 
adventure  is  in  the  air,  which  used  to  thrill  at  cir- 
cus time! 


95 


Navy    Yard 

When  Universal  peace  shall  come  to  rule,  un- 
doubtedly this  birthplace  of  olden  time  '  Ships  of 
the  Line,"  shall  pass  away.  But  always  by  the 
Wallabout  there  will  remain  the  marble  censer  from 
the  hand  of  Macmonnies,  for  it  symbolizes  the 
resting  place  of  those  who  perished  on  the  Jersey 
— the  prison-hulk  of  the  Revolution. 

At  present,  in  the  Basin,  lie  sturdy  transports; 
slender,  venomous  'destroyers";  submarines  and 
torpedo-boats — the  fighting  machines  that  guard  a 
nation's  honor. 

Trophies  of  the  prowess  of  the  Navy  are  every- 
where. Among  them,  mortars  and  captured  guns; 
fragments  of  shells  and  historical  curiosities. 

But  it  is  the  old  wooden  frigate  Vermont,  which 
seems  to  embody  the  atmosphere  of  departed  con- 
flict. Its  great  yellow  bulk  is  housed  over,  and 
moored  for  the  last  time ;  its  fighting  days  gone  by, 
— for  it  has  seen  the  game  played  out.  Once,  it 
shook  under  the  thunder  of  smoking  guns  while 
its  decks  ran  slippery  with  blood.  Yet  now,  still 
faithful,  it  serves  with  the  rest  of  this  station  as  a 
place  where  men  may  live  in  peace  and  learn  the 
art  of  wTar. 


96 


Looking   Across   the  River 


97 


A    Trip    Up    the    Hudson 

Why  America  listens  with  complacency  when 
her  Hudson  is  called  the  American  Rhine,  is  hard 
to  understand.  For,  from  the  great  city  by  the 
bay,  '  singing  like  a  forest  of  stone  in  the  breath 
of  the  Atlantic,"  far  up  to  the  Old  Crow's  Nest, 
near  which  Washington  Irving  has  thrown  a  mystic 
thrall,  it  needs  no  Lorelei  to  enhance  its  ever- 
changing  charms. 

The  same  sheer  Palisades,  at  which  Hudson  mar- 
veled from  his  tiny  "  Half-Moon,"  as  he  pushed 
sturdily  Northward  towards  the  goal  of  his  ambi- 
tion, are  there  today;  Indian  Head  still  looks  down 
upon  the  river ;  Storm  King  beckons  to  the  thun- 
der clouds,  as  they  did  in  sixteen  nine. 

"  Its  morning  and  evening  reaches  are  like  the 
still  lakes  of  a  dream !  Yet  no  river  is  so  lordly 
in  its  bearing — none  flows  in  such  state  to  the 


sea 


98 


"The    Royal    and    Ancient' 

One  used  to  be  told  that  all  good  Americans  were 
to  visit  Paris  ii'hen  they  died.  But  now  it  has  come 
to  pass  that  all  good  golfers  are  promised  a  visit  to 
New  York  before  they  die ! 

In  all  directions,  lie  some  of  the  most  noted  links 
of  the  country.  The  nearest,  perhaps,  is  in  Van 
Cortlandt  Park,  which  is  so  accessible  as  easily  to 
permit  of  a  round  before  dinner.  Slightly  farther 
out  of  town  lies  the  Montclair  Golf  Club,  having 
in  addition  to  its  fine  course,  perhaps,  the  most  re- 
markable view  of  anywhere  about. 

Mention  might  be  made  of  the  Oakland,  on  Long 
Island,  with  its  hills  and  almost  impossible  gullies; 
the  easier  and  more  beautiful  Briarcliff  overlooking 
the  Hudson,  and  the  Garden  City  Link, — that 
'  maker  of  experts," — near  which  Travis  and 
Alexander  Smith  have  their  homes. 

Then  too.  not  to  be  forgotten,  is  the  Nassau 
Golf  Club  at  Glen  Cove  with  its  springy  turf  and 
velvety  greens ;  the  up-and-down  concealed-hole 
course  at  Fox  Hills  on  Staten  Island,  where  is 
found  the  dreadful  '  Hell's  Kitchen  ";  and  on  the 
slope  of  the  Orange  Mountains  the  Baltusrol  of 
Short  Hills,  New  Jersey,  a  difficult,  sporty  course 
where  from  a  beautiful  club-house  may  be  had  a 
fine  outlook  upon  the  surrounding  country. 

There  is  also  the  Apawanis,  a  long,  narrow  and 
difficult  eighteen-hole  course,  which  is  known  to 
try  severely  the  caliber  of  any  amateur. 


99 


But  he  who  can  run  up  even  the  most  miserable 
score  upon  the  famous  National  of  Long  Island, 
may  consider  himself  skilled  indeed.  Neither  time, 
trouble  nor  expense  has  been  spared  in  making  this 
the  hardest,  as  well  as  the  most  original  course,  to 
be  found  anywhere.  For  here,  in  every  green,  is 
found  an  exact  copy  of  the  difficult  hole  in  each  of 
the  eighteen  remarkable  courses  of  Europe. 


IOO 


K  1  e  c  t  r  i  c  a  1    N  ew    York 


The    New    York    High     Pressure 
Water    System 

There  is  probably  no  more  impressive  sight  ir, 
the  every-day  life  of  New  York  than  that  of  one. 
of  its  monster  glittering  fire-fighters  dashing  along 
an  avenue  dra\vn  by  a  trio  of  handsome  plunging 
horses,  belching  forth  smoke  and  leaving  in  its 
wake  a  glowing  trail  of  embers,  while  all  traffic 
halts  and  flat-dwellers  rush  to  their  windows. 

This  picturesque  method  of  fire-fighting  is  now 
becoming  extinct  and  in  its  place  is  the  modern  effi- 
cient high-pressure  system :  in  fact  it  is  the  present 
purpose  of  the  Fire  Department  eventually  to  dis- 
card all  portable  pumping  engines  and  to  rely  en- 
tirely upon  high  pressure. 

The   power    necessary    to    drive    these    pumps   of 


101 


heretofore  unheard  of  capacity  is  electrical  and  is 
supplied  by  The  New  York  Edison  Company  at 
6,600  volts  from  Waterside  Station. 

The  high  pressure  zone  on  Manhattan  Island  is 
bounded  by  the  Hudson  River  on  the  West;  Twenty- 
third  Street  on  the  North ;  Broadway  to  Fourteenth 
Street,  Fourth  Avenue  and  Bowery  on  the  East ; 
and  Chambers  Street  on  the  South.  There  are 
two  pumping  stations,  one  located  near  the  Ganse- 
voort  Market  on  the  North  River,  the  other  on  the 
corner  of  Oliver  and  South  Streets,  near  the  East 
River,  both  being  outside  of  the  district  of  high 
risk  which  they  were  built  to  protect. 

Both  of  the  pumping  stations  have  a  capacity  of 
15,000  gallons  per  minute,  aggregating  for  both 
43,000,000  gallons  per  day.  This  amount  is  equal 
to  two-thirds  of  the  total  quantity  of  fresh  water 
used  by  the  Borough  of  Manhattan  for  fire  ex- 
tinguishing purposes  during  the  year  1903.  Each 
station  contains  five  pumping  units,  consisting  of 
Allis-Chalmers  multi-stage,  centrifugal  pumps,  each 
driven  by  an  Allis-Chalmers  eight-hundred-horse- 
power induction  motor. 

All  of  the  pumps  are  capable  of  delivering  3,000 
gallons  per  minute,  against  a  discharge  pressure  of 
300  pounds  per  square  inch  when  operating  at  750 
revolutions  per  minute.  The  controllers  and  motors 
are  so  designed  that  they  can  be  brought  up  from  a 
standstill  to  full  speed  in  approximately  thirty  sec- 
onds, while  the  high-pressure  system  will  reach 
300  pounds  pressure  within  one  minute  from  start- 
ing the  pumps. 

102 


There  are  high-pressure  hydrants  within  400  feet 
of  any  building  in  the  danger  zone,  and  there  are 
enough  hydrants  so  that  sixty  streams  of  500  gal- 
lons per  minute  can  be  concentrated  on  a  block, 
with  a  length  of  hose  not  exceeding  400  to  500 
feet. 

It  is  easy  to  comprehend  what  a  dreadful  dis- 
aster would  result  were  this  high-pressure  system  to 
be  suspended  for  any  period  of  time  when  seriously 
needed.  In  order  to  offset  the  possibility  of  such  a 
catastrophe  The  New  York  Edison  Company  has 
taken  every  precaution  known  to  science  and  skill 
to  fortify  its  service  against  trouble,  while  in  its 
contract  with  the  city  it  agrees  to  forfeit  $500.00 
per  minute  for  any  interruption  of  its  service  of 
over  three  minutes  at  the  pumping  stations. 


103 


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104 


Broadway    at    Night 

If,  at  any  time  since  the  beginning  of  history, 
Commerce  has  been  touched  with  the  magic  wand 
of  Romance,  it  is  when  "  Broadway  is  a-blaze  under 
the  stars." 

Far  reaching,  intricate  campaigns  of  publicity  are 
now  mapped  out  and  executed,  by  high-salaried  spe- 
cialists, in  much  the  same  manner  that  generals  lay 
their  plans  before  manoeuvering  into  battle. 

Every  penny  of  the  appropriations,  some  of  which 
often  soar  near  the  million  mark,  is  spent  only  with 
full  knowledge  of  the  exact  effect  it  will  have  upon 
the  public  mind, — and  pocket  book.  It  presents  the 
last  and  most  fascinating  aspect  of  psychology  car- 
ried to  its  fullest  development. 

Literally,    some    ten    years   ago,    night   was   com- 
pletely driven  from  a  large  section  of  Broadway,— 
probably  never  to  return. 


The  \i-vv  Cu  -torn  Hou^e 
IOC 


The  changeful  lights  throw  a  glamour  over  the 
faces  in  the  hurling  crowds, — the  crowds  that  the 
men,  who  are  spending  fortunes  in  advertising,  are 
trying  to  reach.  Faces  in  joy,  in  sorrow  and  in 
pain ;  and  faces  that  Death  has  traced  his  finger 
upon,  for  here  there  is  every  type  of  civilization — 
the  Froth  and  the  Dregs  rub  elbows. 

Over  all,  a  perpetual  brilliance  reigns,  for  no 
sooner  do  the  first  shadows  of  evening  attempt  to  re- 
capture their  own,  than  countless  electric  signs,  of 
every  hue  and  description,  spring  into  being. 

A  huge  eagle,  with  a  fluttering  ribbon  caught  in 
his  beak,  begins  to  flap  on  his  nightly  journey 
towards  a  five-foot  bottle  of  beer;  a  kitten,  to  tangle 
and  untangle  herself  in  a  spool  of  well-known  silk. 
And  soon,  far  skyward,  down  the  dazzling  thor- 
oughfare, a  chariot  race  begins, — the  Great  White 
Way  is  a-stir  again ! 


Central  Park,  Looking  toward  Columbus  Circle 


1 06 


The    Edison    Electric    Illumi- 
nating   Company    o  t    Brooklyn 

Brooklyn,  the  descendant  of  the  old  Dutch  burgh 
of  Breukelen,  with  its  quaint  Dutch  traditions  and 
multitude  of  churches  and  homes,  is  the  home  of 
one  of  the  five  largest  lighting  companies  in  the 
country,  The  Brooklyn  Edison  Company.  Since  it 
was  organized  in  1888  the  population  it  supplies 
has  increased  from  600,000  to  1,700,000,  and  all 
the  wThile  the  Company  has  developed  and  extended 
in  even  greater  proportion. 

The  Brooklyn  Edison  Company  supplies  a  fan- 
shaped  territory  seventy-seven  square  miles  in  area. 
At  the  apex  of  the  imaginary  fan  is  Brooklyn  Bridge 
and  at  its  zenith  is  Coney  Island.  On  January 
ist,  1890,  the  Company's  load  was  6,600  fifty-watt 
equivalents  and  on  January  ist,  1911,  2,050,000 
fifty-watt  equivalents,  the  capacity  of  its  two  gen- 
erating stations  being  50,000  kilowatts.  The  busi- 
ness runs  along  the  usual  lines,  except  that  The 
Brooklyn  Edison  Company  has  been  more  fortunate 
than  others  in  having  been  able  to  develop  a  tre- 
mendous load  at  Coney  Island  which  fills  in  the 
Summer  "  valley,"  so  that  the  July  and  December 
peaks  are  nearly  the  same,  a  condition  which  exists 
in  probably  no  other  central  station. 

Thus  it  happens  that  the  annual  peak  does  not 
occur  in  the  two  or  three  weeks  prior  to  Christmas, 
but  in  September,  when  the  great  Coney  Island 
Mardi  Gras  trade  and  the  load  due  to  the  beginning 


107 


of  the  city  season  cross.  This  peak  is  still  higher 
than  the  Christmas  holiday  peak.  Coney  Island  has 
the  most  massive  show  of  decorative  lighting  of  any 
amusement  resort  in  the  world.  It  is  the  original 
example  of  the  use  of  light  as  the  chief  attraction 
and  has  been  imitated  the  world  over,  bringing  busi- 
ness to  thousands  of  central  stations  throughout 
the  country. 

The  Brooklyn  Edison  Company  under  the  lead- 
ership of  its  president,  Mr.  Anthony  N.  Brady,  has 
gained  prominence  in  the  electric  lighting  fraternity 
of  late  for  its  pioneer  work  in  the  employee  profit- 
sharing  scheme.  It  was  also  one  of  the  first  com- 
panies to  take  up  the  company  section  work  for 
the  National  Electric  Light  Association,  and  has 
been  active  in  that  organization  for  a  number  of 
years. 


|. 


Madison   Square  Park.      The   Flatiron   and  Fifth   Avenue  Buildings 


108 


Central  Park 

New    York    and    Queens    Electric 
Light    and    Power    Company 

A  tract  of  land  a  mile  wide  and  extending  from 
City  Hall,  New  York,  to  the  steps  of  the  Capitol 
at  Albany  is  an  area  equal  to  that  served  by  The 
New  York  and  Queens  Electric  Light  and  Power 
Company.  In  this  Company's  territory  could  be 
placed  Manhattan,  Brooklyn  and  half  of  the  Bronx. 
It  extends  from  the  East  River  to  Jamaica  Bay  and 
from  the  Brooklyn  boundary  to  Long  Island  Sound. 

This  great  area  was  once  composed  of  number- 
less little  independent  municipalities,  which  in  1897 
were  consolidated  and  became  a  part  of  Greater 
New  York.  The  existing  lighting  company  was 
organized  in  1900  and  represents  a  consolidation  of 
more  than  a  dozen  smaller  companies. 

The  district  is  one  of  the  most  cosmopolitan  any- 
where outside  of  the  metropolis  itself.  Within  it 

109 


are  the  magnificent  residences  of  the  very  wealthy, 
the  modest  homes  of  the  middle  class,  and  the  hum- 
ble dwellings  of  the  very  poor.  There  are  the  great 
factories  where  thousands  are  employed,  as  well  as 
small  factories  of  every  description.  The  power  and 
street  lighting  loads  are  the  largest.  On  the  latter 
is  one  of  the  biggest  systems  of  series  incandescent 
street  lighting  in  the  country. 

Owing  to  the  vastness  of  the  territory  covered  by 
this  lighting  company  there  is  necessarily  a  tre- 
mendous investment  in  cable,  poles,  wires,  etc. 
During  the  year  1910  there  were  erected  2,200  new 
poles,  82  tons  or  1,500,000  feet  of  copper  wires 
were  strung,  and  150,000  feet  of  cable  were  laid. 
All  of  this  wras  simply  additional  to  the  existing  in- 
stallation at  that  time,  the  total  capacity  of  the  gen- 
erating station  being  7,500  kilowatts. 


City  Hall  Park.      The  World  Dome  in  the  Background 


IIO 


Flatbush    Gas    Company 

Back  in  the  good  old  days,  now  hardly  to  be  con- 
ceived from  the  rapid  changes  making  us  alive  with 
wonderment,  when  the  old  town  of  Flatbush  was 
quite  isolated  from  Breukelen,  the  inhabitants 
thought  well  of  the  old  tallow  dip  made  by  the 
thrifty  housewife,  and  only  with  some  misgiving 
passed  on  from  this  primitive  method  to  the  more 
practical  kerosene  oil  lamp.  This  was  indeed  an 
awakening,  but  a  still  bolder  step  was  taken  in  1864 
when  such  prominent  representatives  of  the  com- 
munity as  John  A.  Lott,  John  Lefferts,  John  J. 
Vanderbilt,  Henry  Wall,  Homer  L.  Bartlett  and 
Abraham  Lott  formed  The  Flatbush  Gas  Com- 
pany. 

These  gentlemen  saw  that  progression  was  lead- 
ing them  to  the  time  when  to  be  without  their  own 
gas,  electric  and  water  plants  meant  that  they  \vere 
not  giving  their  children  the  benefits  of  enhanced 
values  of  real  estate  by  the  introduction  of  such 
commodities,  and  so  they  acted.  Previous  to  1894 
The  Flatbush  Gas  Company  manufactured  nothing 
but  gas,  but  in  that  year  an  electric  generating  station 
was  built.  For  a  long  time  the  current  wras  used  only 
for  street  lighting,  but  in  the  last  ten  years  resi- 
dential lighting  has  had  a  continuous  growth  due 
mainly  to  the  large  number  of  fine  types  of  homes 
that  have  been  erected  in  this  exclusive  section. 
The  capacity  of  the  generating  station  is  rated  at 
4,500  kilowatts. 


in 


In  1636  a  sturdy  little  band  of  voyagers  imbued 
with  the  traditions  of  Old  Holland,  their  mother 
country,  selected  "  Midwout,"  now  Flatbush,  as  the 
ideal  place  for  their  homes  on  the  new  continent. 
Midwout  was  the  most  central  of  the  "  Five  Dutch 
Towns  '  and  was  early  made  the  county  seat  of 
Kings  County.  The  spirit  of  the  early  settlers  still 
proves  true  of  the  enterprising  men  and  women  of 
today  who  live  amid  the  attractive  environments  of 
Flatbush  and  its  stimulating  force  is  felt  in  the 
varied  social  and  religious  activities  of  the  one-time 
Dutch  Village. 

Queens    Borough    Gas    and 
Electric    Company 

A  territory  eighteen  miles  long  by  about  a  mile 
and  a  half  wide,  a  large  part  of  which  was  sand 
dunes  and  marsh  lands  less  than  twenty-five  years 
ago,  is  that  served  by  the  Queens  Borough  Gas  and 
Electric  Company  of  Far  Rockaway.  Part  of  this 
is  the  beach  property  of  the  Rockaways,  where  a 
great  Summer  business  is  done,  while  the  Long 
Island  towns  in  the  western  part  of  Nassau  County 
are  included  in  the  area. 

Twenty-five  years  ago  Rockaway  Beach  was  un- 
heard of,  except  as  a  fishing  or  clam  digging  place, 
and  the  towns  on  the  adjacent  mainland  were  not 
known  to  fame.  In  those  days,  the  '  natives ' 
reached  the  city  only  after  a  tedious  journey  by 
stage  to  the  town  of  Jamaica,  where  they  boarded 
the  trains  of  the  Long  Island  Railroad.  With  the 
extention  of  the  railroad  lines  to  the  beaches,  began 

112 


— 
to/a 


c 
o 


c 

is 
« 


the  boom  of  the  resorts,  and  now  they  rank  with  the 
most  popular  of  New  York's  watering  places. 

Electricity  was  first  used  in  the  late  eighties,  with 
hardly  enough  customers  to  pay  the  expenses  of 
the  generating  plant.  In  the  Summer  of  1910  there 
were  in  use  3,070  meters,  more  than  double  those 
in  use  at  the  same  season  five  years  ago.  The 
generating  plant  of  the  Company  is  at  Far  Rocka- 
way,  with  sub-stations  at  Rockaway  Park  and  Lyn- 
brook.  Its  equipment  consists  of  two  300  kilowatt 
generators,  one  600,  one  1,500  and  a  2,500  kilowatt 
generator  which  has  just  been  installed  to  meet  this 
year's  demand.  There  are  eighty-five  miles  of  pole 
line.  On  the  beach  properties  where  it  has  been 
necessary  to  use  oil  barrels,  the  poles  are  set  in  the 
sand.  More  than  seventy-five  percent  of  the  gas 
mains  are  laid  below  the  high  water  mark. 

Richmond     Light     and     Railroad 

Company 

The  Richmond  Light  and  Railroad  Company, 
established  in  August,  1902,  is  the  result  of  a  com- 
bination of  two  other  companies,  the  Staten  Island 
Lighting  Company  and  the  Staten  Island  Railroad 
Company,  the  former  of  which  in  its  day  was  a 
union  of  two  or  three  smaller  concerns. 

This  Company  has  from  the  start  furnished  cur- 
rent for  the  whole  Island,  or  a  territory  of  seventy- 
five  square  miles  with  a  population  of  85,000.  Much 
of  the  country  is  rural,  comprising  miles  of  unset- 
tled farm  land. 

114 


Use  of  electricity,  however,  is  pretty  general, 
many  of  the  farm  houses  even  being  connected. 
There  is  one  instance  of  an  entire  dairy  being 
operated  by  electricity,  with  electric  milkers,  separa- 
tors, and  so  forth.  All  the  ship  yards  with  one  ex- 
ception, and  nearly  all  the  factories,  together  with 
the  ferry  and  municipal  buildings,  are  supplied  by 
the  Richmond  Light  and  Railroad  Company. 

During  the  last  five  years  there  has  been  an  in- 
crease in  the  lighting  of  300%.  Practically  every 
new  house  is  wired  for  electricity.  The  railroad 
end  of  the  business,  comprising  thirty-one  miles  of 
road,  shows  a  slight  increase;  and  although  a  steam 
road  runs  on  a  parallel  line,  the  electrics  get  their 
share  of  the  trade.  In  Summer  there  is  enough 
travel  to  keep  both  exceedingly  busy.  This  Com- 
pany operates  in  addition  the  Midland  Railroad 
with  a  mileage  of  29. 

The  total  power  generated  for  both  light  and 
railroad  during  the  past  year  \vas  13,658,769  kilo- 
watts. The  Summer  load  is  carried  for  South 
Beach  and  a  portion  for  Midland  which  has  a  small 
plant  of  its  own. 

The    United    Electric    Light    and 
Power    Company 

The  United  Electric  Light  and  Power  Company 
was  the  first  electric  lighting  company  to  extend  its 
service  north  of  Fifty-ninth  street  and  at  present 
is  the  only  one  serving  the  territory  north  of  I35th 
street.  This  Company  supplies  alternating  current 


exclusively  within  the  Borough  of  Manhattan  from 
its  underground  mains  widely  distributed  from  the 
Battery  to  the  Harlem  Ship  Canal.  The  service  is 
of  a  frequency  of  60  cycles,  single  phase  and  two- 
phase  in  character. 

The  three-phase,  7500  volt  generating  apparatus 
is  located  at  Waterside  Stations  No.  I  and  No.  2 
and  transmitted  over  three-conductor  250,000  c.  m. 
cables  to  the  two  sub-stations,  where  transformation 
is  made  from  three-phase  to  two-phase,  three-wire, 
and  to  the  distributing  voltage  of  2100  volts  across 
each  phase  (3000  volts  across  the  outer  conductors). 

The  sub-stations  are  located  at  208-210  Elizabeth 
street,  covering  the  lower  section  of  the  city,  and 
at  519  West  1 46th  street,  supplying  the  central  and 
upper  sections.  These  twro  sub-stations  are  similar 
in  most  respects  except  as  to  capacity.  Transforma- 
tion is  by  air  blast,  transformer  sets,  and  motor 


generators. 


The  general  offices  are  located  at  1 1 70  Broadway, 
with  branch  offices  and  display  rooms  at  138  Hamil- 
ton Place,  near  I43rd  street.  The  maximum  load 
of  the  Company  is  in  excess  of  12,000  kilowatts, 
with  a  connected  load  of  940,000  5O-watt  equiva- 
lents, of  which  power  installations,  both  single  and 
two-phase,  approximate  15,000  horse-power,  cover- 
ing a  wide  field  of  operation.  More  than  500  ele- 
vators are  operated  from  the  two-phase  power 
mains. 

The  service  of  the  Company  covers  about  150 
miles  of  streets,  and  occupies  320  miles  of  duct  in 
the  subway  system  of  The  Consolidated  Telegraph 

116 


and   Electrical   Subway   Company,   with   a   total   of 
920  miles  of  conductor  of  all  classes. 

The  northern  part  of  the  territory  supplied  by 
The  United  Electric  Light  and  Power  Company  is 
fraught  with  historic  interest.  Back  in  Revolu- 
tionary times  it  was  the  scene  of  a  hot  conflict  after- 
ward knowTn  as  the  Battle  of  Harlem.  General 
Washington  at  different  times  defended  certain 
strategic  positions  on  this  rugged  part  of  Manhat- 
tan Island.  One  of  the  old  forts,  Fort  Washington, 
still  stands,  bearing  the  name  of  its  founder.  The 
famous  Jumel  Mansion  is  located  at  I55th  street. 

The    Bronx    Gas    and    Electric 

Company 

The  Bronx  Gas  and  Electric  Company  covers  a 
territory  which  has  developed  with  unusual  rapidity. 
When  the  Company  was  organized  in  1893  with  an 
office  in  a  story  and  a  half  wooden  shack  in  the  site 
of  the  present  attractive  office  building,  it  was  to 
light  the  old  township  of  Westchester.  And  the 
work  was  accomplished  by  means  of  a  few  arc 
lamps. 

In  1895  Westchester  became  a  part  of  Greater 
New  York.  A  trolley  was  put  through  in  1900  and 
the  subway  in  1903,  with  the  result  that  wrhat  was 
then  a  thinly  settled  country  township  has  grown 
into  a  prosperous  suburb. 

The  Company's  territory  comprises  1 6  square 
miles,  with  a  population  of  some  30,000 ;  it  was  only 
4,000  back  in  1893.  By  far  the  greater  part  of  the 

117 


district  is  residential,  nearly  9,070  commuting  into 
the  City.  This  population  is  largely  transient, 
houses  usually  being  rented  only  for  the  season,  and 
in  the  case  of  ownership,  the  party  remaining  until 
the  property  is  sold.  There  are  some  few  factories 
and  store  yards  and  some  mill  works,  for  wrhich  this 
Company  supplies  light  and  power. 

The  power  generated  during  the  past  year  was 
2,558,000  kilowatts.  This  marks  an  increase  in 
business  of  something  over  5,000%  since  the  Com- 
pany was  established.  The  biggest  seasons  were 
1905-6,  the  years,  it  will  be  remembered,  of  the 
great  coal  strike.  During  this  time  there  was  an 
increase  in  the  use  of  various  electrical  heating  and 
cooking  apparatus,  which  has  to  a  large  extent  fallen 
off  since.  The  new  transit  facilities  doubtless  had  a 
great  deal  to  do  with  the  surprising  growth  of  the 
business  through  that  period.  However,  the  use  has 
continued  on  the  increase,  the  gain  of  the  past  year 
having  been  15%. 


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The  Yonkers  Electric  Light  and 
Power  Company 

Should  Frederick  Philipse,  the  first  lord  of  the 
Manor  of  Philipsburgh,  return  to  his  ancient  home, 
the  Manor  House  of  Yonkers,  what  a  transforma- 
tion would  meet  his  eyes!  Instead  of  approaching 
his  stately  residence  from  the  river  and  disembark- 
ing from  a  sailing  craft,  he  would  now,  perhaps, 
run  up  from  his  office  in  Wall  street  via  the  elec- 
trically equipped  lines  of  the  New  York  Central 
and  Hudson  River  Railroad. 

Two  hundred  years  of  progress  and  development 
have  changed  Yonkers  from  a  mere  hamlet,  a  col- 
lection of  the  log  cabins  of  pioneers,  into  a  progres- 
sive manufacturing  city  of  85,000  inhabitants.  The 
old  manor  house,  erected  in  the  early  part  of  the 
Eighteenth  Century  stilt  stands  and  has  received 
within  its  walls  many  prominent  men.  It  is  a  long 
way  from  the  chaise  and  post  to  the  modern  con- 
veyances, but  now  in  the  very  door  yard  of  his 
lordship's  manor  house  pass  trolley  cars  and  auto- 
mobiles. 

A  number  of  years  ago  this  aristocratic  old  man- 
sion descended  from  its  exclusive  atmosphere  and 
entered  upon  a  political  career,  becoming  the  office 
of  the  mayor  and  other  city  officials.  In  this  ca- 
pacity it  served  until  the  recent  opening  of  a  new 
and  imposing  City  Hall,  which  is  located  on  a  site 
commanding  a  beautiful  view  of  the  Hudson  River 
and  Palisades. 

Since  1887,  when  the  Yonkers  Light  and  Power 
Company  opened  shops,  wonderful  advances  have 

120 


been  made  in  the  use  of  electric  current.  Today 
there  are  burning  within  the  city  100,000  incandes- 
cent lamps.  Electric  current  is  furnished  to  the 
small  consumer  as  well  as  to  the  occupants  of  the 
magnificent  residences  further  back  on  the  beauti- 
ful hills,  where  besides  having  current  for  light  and 
power,  it  is  used  extensively  for  heating  and  cook- 
ing. Curiously  enough  electric  household  apparatus 
was  widely  used  in  these  handsome  old  houses,  be- 
fore it  came  into  favor  among  the  Manhattanites. 


Looking  East  Along  42d  Street  from  Times  Square 


121 


122 


The    Westchester    Lighting 
C  o  m  p  a  n  y 

The  Westchester  Lighting  Company,  with  its 
subsidiary  companies,  supplies  all  of  Westchester 
County  with  the  exception  of  Yonkers,  with  elec- 
tricity and  gas.  Westchester  County  covers  some 
296,320  acres  and  has  a  population  of  approximately 
200,000.  The  executive  offices  of  the  Westchester 
Lighting  Company  are  at  Mount  Vernon,  but 
branches  have  been  established  in  a  number  of  geo- 
graphical centres  and  the  general  distribution  work 
is  taken  care  of  from  these  several  points.  To 
facilitate  the  handling  of  business,  display  rooms 
are  located  in  such  centres  as  Yonkers,  Mount 
Vernon,  New  Rochelle,  Port  Chester,  White  Plains, 
Tarrytown  and  Mount  Kisco. 

The  county  is  developing  rapidly  and  is  a  most 
promising  field  for  the  lighting  industry.  The  prin- 
cipal electric  generating  station  is  situated  at  New 
Rochelle.  It  is  a  waterside  station,  located  on  Echo 
Bay  of  Long  Island  Sound.  The  capacity  of  this 
plant  is  about  7,600  kilowatts  and  from  it  current 
is  transmitted  to  sub-stations  at  Mount  Vernon, 
Port  Chester,  White  Plains,  Tarrytown  and  Mount 
Kisco.  Mount  Kisco  and  Tarrytown  have  emerg- 
ency steam  plants  with  a  total  capacity  of  about 
700  kilowatts. 

Current  is  generated  entirely  by  steam,  there  be- 
ing no  available  water  power  for  such  a  purpose  in 
the  County.  The  Mount  Kisco  sub-station  is  tied 
in  with  the  Ossining  power-house  of  the  Northern 

123 


Westchester  Lighting  Company,  a  subsidiary  of  the 
Westchester  Company,  by  means  of  a  high  tension 
transmission  line,  and  can  be  supplied  either  from 
New  Rochelle  or  Ossining,  or  in  case  of  emergency 
can  generate  its  own  current.  This  applies  also  to 
the  Tarrytown  sub-station. 

Aside  from  the  Peekskill  and  Ossining  equip- 
ment, the  distribution  system  consists  of  1,700  miles 
of  wire,  17,750  poles  and  about  2,500  transformers. 
The  street  lighting  system  carries  about  1,000  arc 
and  4,500  tungsten  lamps. 

The  Company  is  furnishing  power  for  the  White 
Plains,  Mamaroneck  and  Tarrytown  Trolley  Com- 
pany, and  for  the  Pittsburg  Contracting  Company, 
which  is  now  engaged  in  building  a  section  of  the 
new  Catskill  Aqueduct  near  White  Plains.  Other 
"  long  hour  users  '  on  the  lines  are  several  of  the 
iron  foundries  in  the  City  of  Port  Chester,  these 
making  a  practically  even  load  throughout  the  day 
in  the  Port  Chester  district.  The  district  taken  as 
a  whole  is  a  residential  one.  On  the  Company's 
books  December  sist,  1910,  were  about  9,000 
meters  with  a  connected  lighting  load  of  20,000 
kilowatts,  approximately  2.2  kilowatts  per  con- 
sumer. 


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W  aterside 

-Where  is  generated  that  mysterious  force 
which  serves  to  make  a  city  light  and  clean  and  liv- 
able. 

Within  sound  of  the  hoarse,  dry  moan  of  two 
gigantic  fourteen  thousand  kilowatt  steam  turbines, 
how  very  far  away  seems  the  little  Pearl  Street  Sta- 
tion of  eighteen  eighty-two,  which,  with  its  his- 
torical 'Jumbos"  formed  the  base  for  "  almost  fif- 
teen miles  of  mains  and  feeders!  ' 

The  present  Edison  System,  covering  twenty-one 
square  miles,  supplies  current  on  a  three-phase  sys- 
tem to  over  ninety-one  thousand  customers  through 
countless,  delicately  adjusted  meters.  And  the  coal 
consumption  alone,  of  a  plant  enormous  enough  to 
furnish  this  amount  of  power,  runs  into  a  total  of 
two  thousand  tons  a  day. 

Considering  such  figures  as  these,  it  is  easily  per- 
ceived why  Waterside  with  a  capacity  of  five  hun- 
dred thousand  horse-power, — supplying  connections 
to  nearly  five  million  lamps, — is  today  the  largest  of 
its  kind  in  the  world. 

Even  against  the  background  of  twentieth  cen- 
tury understanding,  howT  portentous  of  an  un- 
dreamed era  are  the  three  copper  strands,  no  thicker 
than  a  man's  wrist,  which  leave  here  to  do  their 
part  in  lighting  a  city  of  close  on  five  million  souls. 
In  addition,  the  Edison  System  embraces  thirty- 
three  sub-stations,  six  branch  offices  and  a  working 
force  of  five  thousand,  who  make  over  five  million 
telephone  calls  a  year  in  conducting  the  business  of 
the  Company. 

127 


Probably  no  form  of  modern  engineering  meets 
more  of  the  difficult  and  unexpected  as  this  of  il- 
luminating a  big  centre  of  industry,  where  the  size 
of  'load"  must  necessarily  always  remain  an  un- 
controllable factor. 

In  recent  illustration  of  this  is  the  afternoon  of 
March  second,  when  occurred  a  sudden  flurry  of 
snow.  In  the  growing  dark  throughout  the  city, 
people  simply  snapped  a  button  and  never  gave  the 
matter  a  second  thought.  But  at  Waterside,  on 
the  signal  of  hooting  whistles,  men  jumped  in  swift 
and  practiced  haste  to  their  stations, — for  the  slen- 
der finger  of  the  indicator  was  rising  at  the  rate  of 
fifty  thousand  kilowatts  in  five  minutes! 

Never  for  a  single  moment,  did  the  lights  grow 
dim — which  was  one  of  the  rewards  born  of  the 
years  of  unresting,  vigilant  alertness  these  men  ex- 
ert, who  work  steadfast  always  confronted  with 
strange,  as  yet  unheard  of  problems  and  still,  for  all 
a  thousand  difficulties  whose  boast  it  rightly  is,  that 
since  eighteen  eighty-three,  except  for  the  brief 
time  taken  in  the  erection  of  a  new  station,  the  cur- 
rent has  never  left  the  mains! 


128 


The    Western    Union    Telegraph 

Company 


;  What  hath  God  wrought  ?  ' 

These  were  the  wrords  flashed  by  Morse  from 
Baltimore  to  Washington  that  wonderful  day  back 
in  1844,  over  the  first  telegraph  line  ever  con- 
structed. Perhaps  the  mind  of  the  great  inventor 
as  he  sat  at  the  instrument  and  ticked  off  the  now 
famous  first  message,  was  piercing  the  veil  of  the 
future,  and  before  his  eyes  came  the  momentary 
vision  of  the  transcendent  glories  of  another  cen- 
tury clustering  about  his  invention.  Were  not 
these  words  the  inspired  utterance  of  a  great 
dreamer,  as  to  his  ears  sounded  the  roar  and  rumble 
of  the  transmission  of  millions  of  messages  a  day? 
Now  that  we  can  view  in  retrospection  the  66  years 
of  marvelous  progress  of  the  telegraph  industry  it 
would  seem  that  this  were  so. 

During  the  seven  years  that  followed  the  con- 
struction of  the  first  line  more  than  fifty  different 
telegraph  companies  sprang  up  in  various  parts  of 
the  United  States.  In  1851,  however,  began  the 
history  of  The  Western  Union  Telegraph  Com- 
pany, when  articles  of  association  of  The  New  York 
and  Mississippi  Valley  Printing  Telegraph  Com- 
pany— the  original  name  of  the  Company — were 
filed  at  Albany.  Local  consolidations  of  the  various 
companies  in  the  East  followed,  and  one  by  one,  by 
lease,  by  purchase,  or  by  exchange  of  stock,  the 

129 


companies  in  the  West  came  into  or  were  absorbed 
by  the  new  company,  which  by  an  act  of  the  New 
York  Legislature  in  1856  had  its  name  changed 
from  The  New  York  and  Mississippi  Valley  Print- 
ing Telegraph  Company  to  The  Western  Union 
Telegraph  Company,  indicating  the  union  of  the 
Western  lines  into  one  compact  system. 

In  1 86 1,  the  next  important  step  was  taken, 
when  a  line  was  constructed  across  the  plains  con- 
necting the  Eastern  and  Western  systems.  So  rapid 
was  the  Company's  growth  in  the  years  that  fol- 
lowed, that  in  the  year  1876  there  were  18,729,567 
messages  transmitted  over  its  wires.  In  1910  the 
number  of  messages  sent  over  the  1,429,049  miles 
of  Western  Union  wire  was  75,135,405,  wrhile  the 
Company's  receipts  for  the  same  year  were  $33,- 
889,202.93. 


The  Sheridan  Statue,  Central  Park 
130 


Perhaps  the  most  interesting  if  not  the  most  im- 
portant event  of  recent  years  in  The  Western 
Union  \vas  the  introduction  of  the  '  night  letter  ' 
and  later  of  the  '  day  letter."  The  night  letter, 
which  has  become  immensely  popular,  was  insti- 
tuted to  give  the  public  the  benefit  of  the  night 
hours,  when  business  on  the  lines  is  light,  by  send- 
ing a  fifty-word  message  at  the  usual  ten-\vord  day 
rate,  subject  to  delivery  in  the  morning.  The  day 
letter  can  be  sent  at  a  lower  rate  than  the  regular 
message,  but  the  message  is  given  the  precedence 
over  the  day  letter.  This  gives  the  Company  the 
opportunity  of  filling  in  the  valleys  between  its 
peaks  with  day  letters,  keeping  its  vast  force  and 
equipment  always  busy. 

The  New  York  office  of  the  Western  Union 
Telegraph  Company,  at  195  Broadway,  is  with  one 
exception,  the  largest  telegraph  office  in  the  world. 


Broadway,  Looking  North  from  Times  Square 


Looking  South  from  Times  Square 


Looking  North  from  Times  Square 


132 


The    Postal    Telegraph-Cable 

Company 

The  thousands  of  miles  of  wire  which  comprise 
the  great  system  of  The  Postal  Telegraph-Cable 
Company  in  the  United  States  have  for  their  fo- 
cusing point  the  large  and  adequately  equipped 
operating  room  of  the  Company  in  the  Postal  Tele- 
graph Building  at  253  Broadway,  opposite  City 
Hall,  New  York.  Here  they  connect  with  the  At- 
lantic system  of  the  Commercial  Cable  Company, 
and  radiating  from  New  York,  reach  every  place 
of  importance  in  the  United  States,  making  con- 
nection with  the  Commercial  Pacific  Cable  at  San 
Francisco,  and  at  Montreal  with  the  extensive  sys- 
tem of  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway,  with  which 
a  close  working  arrangement  is  maintained. 

The  trunk  line  wires  are  brought  into  New  York 
from  the  West  under  the  Hudson  River  by  sub- 
aqueous cables,  and  thence  by  underground  cables 
to  a  terminal  room  in  the  basement  of  the  Postal 
Telegraph  building.  The  wires  from  the  North 
and  East  are  brought  under  the  Harlem  River  to 
the  same  point,  and  after  passing  through  the  neces- 
sarv  protective  devices  all  wires  reach  the  operating 
room  on  the  twelfth  floor,  where  they  are  connected 
directly  to  the  switchboards. 

Each  switchboard  is  arranged  to  contain  fifty 
line  wires,  which  is  the  maximum  number  that  it  is 
possible  for  twro  chief  operators  to  supervise.  The 
switchboards  are  connected  with  the  various  ex- 
changes and  branch  offices  by  underground  cables. 


Directly  in  front  of  the  switchboards  are  located 
the  automatic  repeaters  which  perform  the  function 
of  forwarding  through  from  one  wire  to  another, 
or  from  branch  offices  through  to  a  distant  city, 
without  the  intervention  of  receiving  or  sending 
operators. 

The  Postal  Telegraph  Building  was  erected 
specially  for  telegraph  purposes,  and  its  conveniences 
and  arrangements  are  unexcelled.  The  wires  are 
operated  exclusively  by  the  American  Morse  sys- 
tem which  is  upon  the  simplex,  duplex  or  quadru- 
plex  plan,  according  to  the  exigencies  of  the  traffic. 
Chemical  batteries,  which  at  one  tune  were  exclu- 
sively employed  for  furnishing  current  for  the 
operation  of  main  wires,  have,  during  the  last 
twenty-five  years,  been  almost  entirely  replaced  by 
motor  generators  and  transformers.  Forty-volt 
currents  are  used  for  all  local  purposes  and  for  short 
branch  wires  in  cities.  The  higher  potentials  are 
used  for  the  operation  of  the  apparatus  upon  the 
main  wires,  200  volts  being  used  for  very  long,  high 
resistance  single  circuits,  and  also  for  duplexes, 
while  375  volts  is  used  exclusively  in  the  operation 
of  quadruplexes. 

Direct  circuits  are  worked  daily  from  New  York 
to  San  Francisco,  a  distance  of  3,250  miles;  to  New 
Orleans,  a  distance  of  1,334  miles;  to  St.  Louis,  a 
distance  of  1,048  miles;  to  Atlanta,  a  distance  of 
882  miles;  to  Chicago,  a  distance  of  900  miles;  and 
to  many  other  points. 


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When  the  late  E.  H.  Harriman  once  complained 
that  he  could  not  get  good  service  over  a  certain 
long-distance  line,  an  expert  was  sent  to  inquire 
into  the  trouble.  On  his  return,  he  reported  that 
nothing  could  be  done,  as  Harriman  wanted  the 
impossible. 

"  Well,"  said  the  chief,  calmly,  "  if  he  wants  the 
impossible,  I  guess  we'll  have  to  give  it  to  him !  ' 

This  illustrates  the  telephone  engineer's  point  of 
view — a  point  of  view  it  is  given  to  very  few  to  un- 
derstand, for  looking  at  the  question  from  the  out- 
side, there  is  little  or  nothing  to  suggest  the  baffling 
problems,  and  heavy  responsibilities  of  his  profes- 
sion. Nothing,  except  a  familiar  little  desk-instru- 
ment that  can  be  held  in  one  hand, — but  which 
happens  to  be  the  sensitive  end  of  a  vast  system, 
embodying  some  million-one-hundred-thousand- 
miles  of  underground  \vire ! 

Fifty-four  exchanges ;  five  thousand  men :  six 
thousand  girls,  making  two  million  connections  a 
day.  Cables,  aerials,  submarine  wires,  batteries  and 
intricate  switchboards!  Could  anyone  have  im- 
agined, that  a  business  of  such  staggering  magnitude 
was  to  spring  up  almost  over-night  in  a  single  city! 

In  thirty-five  years,  it  has  grown  with  such 
strides, — at  the  rate  of  almost  one  hundred  tele- 
phones a  day, — that  at  present,  the  New  York  City 
Telephone  Company  alone,  is  connecting  as  many 
instruments  as  there  are  in  all  Great  Britain  and 
Germany  combined,  for  nowhere  else  in  the  world 

136 


is  there  such  a  metallic  nerve-system  as  among  the 
skyscrapers  of  Manhattan. 

Several  hundred  experts  are  continually  at  work 
on  unwonted  problems,  and  at  the  present  moment 
these  people  have  strung  a  line  from  New  York  Cit\ 
to  Denver,  trying  to  make  it  carry  conversation ! 
It  is  more  than  a  two-thousand-mile  job  with  a 
corps  of  experts  through  nine  states;  another  im- 
possibility, of  course, — but  presently  it  will  be  done, 
and  then  this  same  crew  will  push  the  wire  on  out 
to  'Frisco. 

They  are  reaching  steadily  towards  truth,  in  the 
great  question  What  is  Electricity?'  —and  some 
day  they  will  solve  it,  just  as  once  before  they 
solved  by  a  marvel  of  wire-wizardry,  that  uncanny 
question  of  the  '  phantom  circuit,"  whereon  three 
messages  may  travel  along  two  pairs  of  wires. 

Always  against  them,  has  been  pitted  the  im- 
possible and  unknowable,  yet  they  have  never  wav- 
ered in  this  business  of  theirs, — the  transporting 
along  tiny  copper  wires  a  force  that  is  swifter  than 
light,  and  feebler  than  a  sunbeam. 


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138 


The  Inter  bo  rough  Rap  id  Transit 

Company 

The  largest  subway  system  in  the  world,  with  its 
hundreds  of  miles  of  track,  tunnels  under  two  rivers, 
and  other  marvellous  engineering  feats,  together 
with  all  of  the  elevated  roads  now  in  operation  on 
Manhattan  Island  and  in  the  Borough  of  the  Bronx 
-this  is  the  great  Interborough  Rapid  Transit 
Company  of  New7  York. 

Perhaps  the  most  interesting  part  of  the  Inter- 
borough  system  is  the  subway.  This  is  one  of  the 
foremost  examples  of  present-day  skill  and  ingenu- 
ity, and  has  demonstrated  that  underground  rail- 
roads can  be  built  beneath  the  congested  streets  of 
the  city,  making  possible  in  the  near  future  a  com- 
prehensive system  of  sub-surface  transportation  ex- 
tending throughout  the  wide  territory  of  Greater 
New  York. 

The  difficulties  confronting  the  constructors  of 
the  subway  were  well  nigh  appalling.  Towering 
buildings  along  the  streets  had  to  be  considered, 
the  streets  themselves  were  already  occupied  with  a 
complicated  network  of  sewers,  wrater  and  gas  mains, 
electric  cable  conduits,  electric  surface  railway  con- 
duits, telegraph  and  power  conduits,  and  vaults 
from  the  abutting  buildings  extended  under  the 
streets. 

The  completed  subway  is  a  tribute  to  the  master 
mind  of  its  builder  the  late  John  B.  McDonald. 
For  a  five-cent  fare  it  is  possible  to  ride  from  Brook- 
lyn to  either  Van  Cortlandt  or  Bronx  Park  or  to 


any  intermediate  point.  There  is  a  separate  express 
service,  with  its  own  tracks,  and  the  stations  are  so 
arranged  that  passengers  may  pass  from  local  trains 
to  express  trains,  and  vice  versa,  without  delay  and 
without  payment  of  additional  fare. 

Special  precautions  have  been  taken  to  prevent  a 
failure  of  the  electric  power  and  the  consequent 
delays  of  traffic.  An  electro-pneumatic  block  signal 
system  has  been  devised  which  excels  any  previous 
system,  and  is  unique  in  its  mechanism. 

The  third  rail  for  conveying  the  electric  current 
is  covered,  so  as  to  prevent  injury  to  passengers  and 
employees  from  contact.  Special  emergency  and 
fire  alarm  signal  systems  are  installed  throughout 
the  length  of  the  road.  At  a  few  stations,  where 
the  road  is  not  near  the  surface,  escalators  and  ele- 
vators are  provided. 

The  power  house  for  the  subway  is  located  at 
Fifty-ninth  street  and  the  North  River  and  has  a 
capacity  of  approximately  100,000  horse-power.  It 
covers  an  area  of  190,792  square  feet.  The  ca- 
pacity of  the  coal  bunkers  at  this  station  is  18,000 
tons.  The  boiler  room  contains  seventy-two  boilers 
arranged  in  pairs  or  batteries.  The  power  for  the 
operation  of  elevated  trains  is  generated  at  Sev- 
enty-fifth street  and  the  East  River.  The  area 
there  is  114,340  square  feet,  while  its  capacity  is 
64,000  horse-power. 


140 


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The    Brooklyn    Rapid    Transit 

It  was  once  said  of  an  ancient  imperial  city  that 
all  roads  lead  to  Rome;  with  equal  verity,  at  least 
in  the  Summer  season,  this  epigram  might  be  varied 
to  read :  '  All  trolley  cars  run  to  Coney  Island." 
As  a  place  of  fun  and  frolic,  mirth  and  laughter,  a 
rapid,  strenuous,  dashing,  whirling,  hurly-burly  of 
noise,  brilliant,  hetrogeneous,  unconventional,  emi- 
nently human,  crowded  by  day  and  night,  it  re- 
sponds to  the  elemental  call  of  man  for  diversion. 

Out  of  sixteen  routes  from  Brooklyn  and  Man- 
hattan to  Coney  Island,  thirteen  are  owned  and 
operated  by  The  Brooklyn  Rapid  Transit.  Over 
this  baker's  dozen  of  lines  some  twelve  hundred  six- 
car  trains  are  operated  in  a  single  busy  Summer's 
day — in  addition  to  a  sixty-second  headway  of  trol- 
ley cars  on  six  surface  car  routes. 

It  is  no  unusual  task  for  The  Brooklyn  Rapid 
Transit  to  carry  a  quarter  of  a  million  persons  on 
the  ten  mile  trip  down  to  Coney  Island  in  the  morn- 
ing and  early  afternoon — then  to  bring  this  whole 
cityfull  home  at  nightfall.  The  Culver  terminal, 
at  Coney  Island,  is  the  largest  railroad  terminal  in 
the  world  which  has  but  three  months  of  real  serv- 
ice throughout  the  year. 

To  operate  this  station  requires  unusual  drill  and 
discipline  on  the  part  of  the  men  of  The  Brooklyn 
Rapid  Transit.  Three  men  are  constantly  on  duty 
in  the  interlocking  tower  that  protects  the  elevated 
train  operation  in  the  terminal — a  small  regiment 
guards  the  platforms,  exits  and  entrances — and  all 

•142 


of  these  men  have  brought  both  skill  and  experience 
to  the  execution  of  their  difficult  tasks. 

To  carry  this  great  tide  of  pleasure-seeking  hu- 
manity on  its  flow  to  Coney  Island  and  to  Brighton, 
to  bring  it  safely  home  upon  the  ebb  is  a  master  task 
for  the  power  resources  of  The  Brooklyn  Rapid 
Transit.  This  task  has  almost  equalled  the  Com- 
pany's record  load — carrying  homebound  Christmas 
shoppers,  in  addition  to  heating  and  lighting  the  cars 
in  which  they  rode — a  load  that  took  144,000 
horse-power  in  a  single  hour  of  a  December  even- 
ing. To  meet  the  poxver  necessities  of  summertime 
at  Coney  Island,  a  transforming  station  is  main- 
tained as  part  of  the  equipment  of  Culver  terminal. 
Four  1,000  k.  w.  units  form  the  mechanical  equip- 
ment of  this  modern  station. 

The  Brooklyn  Rapid  Transit,  with  its  568  miles 
of  surface  and  elevated  lines  is  probably  the  largest 
single  city  railroad  in  the  world.  The  fact  that  the 
longest  of  these  lines  is  less  than  fourteen  miles  only 
goes  to  show  the  remarkable  density  of  the  system. 
Over  these  lines  3,000  surface  and  elevated  cars  are 
sent  each  day — the  total  mileage  of  Brooklyn  surface 
cars  in  the  course  of  twenty-fours  is  equal  to  a  dis- 
tance six  times  around  the  world  at  the  equator. 


Public    Service    E'lectric    Com- 

_         t 

L  p  a  n  y    of   New    Jersey 

No  single  electric  lighting  company  serves  a 
larger  territory  than  does  Public  Service  Electric 
Company  of  New  Jersey.  This  corporation,  whose 
home  office  is  in  Newark,  serves  an  area  embracing 
twelve  counties  and  one  hundred  and  fifty-seven 
municipalities,  in  which  live  more  than  two  million 
people,  nearly  four-fifths  of  the  population  of  the 
entire  State. 

Public  Service  Electric  Company  was  incorpo- 
rated in  July,  1910,  taking  over  all  the  electrical 
business  of  Public  Service  Corporation,  which  came 
into  existence  in  1903.  It  controlled  almost  all 
the  electric,  gas  and  street  railway  business  of  the 
northern  and  central  parts  of  the  State. 

The  first  electric  lighting  in  New  Jersey  was 
done  by  the  Newark  Electric  Light  and  Power 
Company  in  1884,  two  years  after  the  company's 
organization. 

The  territory  of  this  early  company  was  confined 
to  three  blocks  on  Broad  Street  and  about  seven  on 
Market  Street,  where  some  of  the  business  men  were 
induced  to  use  current  for  lighting  their  premises. 

The  growth  of  the  electrical  business  is  shown 
by  comparative  figures  of  1903  and  December  31, 
1910.  In  1903  there  were  fourteen  generating 
stations,  now  there  are  twenty-eight;  there  were 
156  generators  with  a  capacity  of  40,075  kilowatts, 
now  there  are  189  generators  with  a  capacity  of 
124,158  kilowatts.  In  1903  there  were  produced 

144 


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. 


129,614,180  kilowatt  hours;  in  1910,  288,740,147 
kilowatt  hours.  There  were  47  miles  of  transmis- 
sion lines  and  25  miles  of  conduits  in  1903,  while 
now  there  are  374  miles  of  transmission  lines  and 
79  miles  of  conduits.  The  total  commercial  load 
connected  at  the  earlier  date  was  710,000  5O-\vatt 
equivalents,  as  against  2,613,236  5O-watt  equiva- 
lents in  1910. 


Looking  South  from  Times  Tower 


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A  Terrace  View  in  Yonkers 


147 


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148 


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Dredging  Boat  on  the  Hudson,  Yonkers 


149 


The  Hall  of  Fame 


High  Bridge 


150 


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Index 

PAGE 

Liberty  Enlightening  the  World — Boats  leave  from  the 

Battery  every  hour I 

Ellis  Island Permit   may  be  obtained   from  Commissioner 

of  Immigration 8 

Governor's  Island Permit  may  be  obtained  from  Com- 
manding Officer — boats  leave  from  the  Battery  every  half 
hour • I O 

South  Street Subway  to  South  Ferry 12 

Battery Subway  to  South   Ferry 14 

Fraunces  Tavern 101  Broad  Street — near  Pearl.  Sub- 
way to  Bowling  Green,  and  walk  South-East  ...  15 

Curb  Exchange Broad  Street,  below  Wall  Street      .  19 

Stock   Exchange Broad  Street  near  Wall     ....  21 

Wall  Street Subway  to  Wall  and  Broadway.        ...  23 

Singer  Building — 149  Broadway— Subway  either  to  Wall 

or  Fulton  Streets 25 

World  Building Opposite  City  Hall 27 

The  Post  Office Below  City  Hall 29 

Ye  Old  Tavern Duane  Street — near  Hudson  Street.        .  32 

Brooklyn  Bridge — Subway  to  Brooklyn  Bridge  Station       .  3  3 

Chinatown — Mott,  Doyers  and  Pell  Streets.      Best  reached 

from  Chatham  Square 35 

The  Bowery Chatham  Square  to  Astor  Place     ...  37 

Push-Cart     Town — Rivington   and   nearby  cross-streets — 

reached  by  Grand  Street  surface  cars 39 

Little  Hungary — 257    East    Houston   Street — Take    I4th 

Street  Crosstown  Car  to  Essex  Street 44 

Francesca's — 64   West    loth    Street — Take  Sixth  Avenue 

V_/3iS     ••••••••••••  •  -L  / 

Washington  Arch 49 

Scheffel  Halle iyth  Street  and  3rd  Avenue  .        ...  51 

Castle  Cave — yth  Avenue — near  25th  Street  .        ...  53 


•,     '    1 
'     •     .  , 


PAGE 

Metropolitan  Tower — 23rd  Street  and  Madison  Avenue — 

Subway  Local  to  23rd  Street 55 

The    Martha   Washington    Hotel — 29th  Street — near 

Madison  Avenue.    Subway  local  to  28th  Street     ...  5$ 

Pennsylvania  Terminal — yth  to  gth  Avenues — 3istto 

3  3rd  Streets.     Take  34th  Street  Crosstown  Car    ...          6  I 

A  Great  Retail  Business — Gimbel's — At  the  corner  of 

Broadway,  6th  Avenue  and  33rd  Street 63 

Rector's — Broadway  and  43rd  Street — Times  Square     .        .          65 

Canfield's  Bronze  Door — 33  West  33rd  Street — between 

5th  and  6th  Avenues 67 

"And  Now    Let  Us  Conserve   Human  Life' 

Safety  Museum — Engineering  Building — 29  West  39th 

Street 68 

Murray's — 42nd    Street,    West    of    yth  Avenue — Subway 

local  to  Times  Square J  I 

Sherry's — South-West  Corner  5th  Avenue  and  44th  Street — 

Take  5th  Avenue  'bus J2 

Delmonico's North-East   Corner    5th    Avenue   and  44th 

Street — Take  5th  Avenue  'bus 73 

The  RitZ  Carleton  Hotel — Madison    Avenue   and   46th 

Street — Madison  Avenue  Cars    ...:...  74 

The  Plaza    Hotel — 5th   Avenue   and    59th    Street— 59th 

Street  Crosstown  Cars,  or  5th  Avenue  'bus.          ...          JJ 

Central  Park — 59th   Street — from  5th  to  8th  Avenues       .          79 

Fire  Department  Headquarters — 156  East  6yth  Street- 
near  Third  Avenue 8 1 

Natural  History  Museum — Central  Park  West  and  yyth 
Street — open  every  week  day  and  Sunday  afternoon.  Take 
Subway  to  79th  Street,  or  8th  Avenue  surface  cars  .  .  8  2 

Riverside  Drive — 'Bus  runs  from  72nd  Street  to  uoth  .          8/ 

Churches  of  New  York — St.  John's  Cathedral — 1 1 oth 

Street  and  Morningside  Park gi 


PAGE 

Bronx   Park— Lenox  and   West    Farms  Subway    Express   to 

iSoth  Street 93 

Coney  Island — Take  Elevated  from  Brooklyn  Bridge  .  95 

Navy  Yard — Take  Flushing  Avenue  Carat  Brooklyn  Bridge  96 

Trip  Up  Hudson — Day  boats  go   to    Poughkeepsie,    West 

Point,  and  Newburg 98 

< '  The  Royal  and  Ancient ' :  — Golf  Grounds  in  the  vicinity 

of  New  York 99 

The  High  Pressure  Pumping  System      .      .      .      .  101 

Broadway  at  Night 105 

The    Edison    Electric    Illuminating    Company    of 

Brooklyn 107 

The   New   York    and   Oueens    Electric   Light   and 

Power  Company 109 

The  Flatbush  Gas  Company I  1 1 

The   Queens   Borough   Gas  and  Electric  Company 

of  Far  Rockaway 112 

The  Richmond  Light  and  Railroad  Company  .      .  114 

The  United  Electric  Light  and  Power  Company   .  115 

The  Bronx  Gas  and  Electric  Company       .      .      .  117 

The  Yonkers   Electric  Light  and  Power  Company  i  20 

The  Westchester  Lighting  Company      .      .      .      .  123 

"Waterside'         127 

The  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company  .  I  29 

The  Postal  Telegraph-Cable  Company  .      .      .      .  133 

The  New  York  Telephone  Company    ....  136 

The  Interborough  Rapid  Transit  Company       .      .  139 

The  Brooklyn  Rapid  Transit  Company       .      .      .  142 

Public  Service  Electric  Company  of  New  Jersey    .  144 


•  •  t   « 

r       «   * 


•  •  II 

•  •     f    I     I       I 


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